Evaluation of the relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease

To investigate the association between glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus [type 2 DM] and severity of periodontal disease [PD]. One hundred and twenty-six Saudi diabetic females, aged 35-70 years, attending the Diabetic Center of King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included in the study. In Group I [better control with hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <9%] we assigned 74 subjects and in Group II [poor control with HbA1c >9%] 52 subjects. The periodontal parameters recorded were plaque index, bleeding index, presence of calculus, pocket depth measurement, and clinical attachment level. These parameters were evaluated in a randomized half mouth examination. Age, duration of diabetes, percentage of plaque index and bleeding index showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. In contrast, there was a significantly higher percentage of calculus, PD >/= 4 mm and loss of attachment level [3-4 mm] in the poorly controlled diabetic patients, as compared to the better-controlled group. There was a significant association of the loss of attachment level [3-4 mm] with PD in poorly controlled diabetic patients, as compared to better-controlled patients. Poor-control diabetics [Group II] exhibited an increased percentage of calculus and greater risk for periodontitis

Prevalence of medically compromised patients referred for periodontal treatment to a teaching hospital in central Saudi Arabia

Many patients seeking dental care have a significant medical condition that may alter both the course of their oral disease and the treatment provided. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic diseases profile of patients with periodontal diseases for specialized periodontal treatment. Seven hundred and forty-three patient's medical records were screened from the Periodontal Clinics and referred to the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for a special care during the period from January 2002 to June 2002. One hundred and sixty-seven were males while 576 were females. The age ranged was from 18-64 years. Approximately 90% of the patients were systemically healthy. The remaining 10% of the patients were with different systemic diseases or sequelae. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma and rheumatic fever were most commonly present. Thirty-one [4.2%] of the medically compromised were diabetic. Hypertension was reported in 9 [1.2%] patients. Rheumatic fever and asthma were equally present in 7 [0.9%] patients. Periodontal diseases were equally prevalent in both male and female patients. Approximately 50% of the patients had moderate periodontitis while severe periodontitis was common among 9% of the male and female patients. Diabetes and heart related conditions were most common among the specialist patients referred for periodontal treatment. The advanced periodontitis was prevalent among 9% of the patients. It is recommended that physicians are become more familiar with the systemic associations to periodontal diseases. The dental practitioners should be well versed in the interplay between oral and systemic disease. More extensive knowledge of oral and physical medicine will be needed in order to provide quality care and appropriate treatment of patients with periodontal diseases suffering with systemic conditions