Effect of heat treatment on milk contaminated with diazinon as an environmental pollutant

The present study was designed to throw light on monitoring Diazinon residues in milk of lactating cows sprayed once with diazinon as 0.1% solution of Neocidol as well as on the effect of heat operations on these residues in accordance to its level in fresh milk within a withdrawal study. Depletion of Diazinon residues in milk was monitored 1, 7 and 15 days following exposure. Diazinon appeared in the milk during the first milking 24 hours post-spraying in fresh milk, exceeding the in-term tolerance established by FAO/WHO. A substantial portion of Diazinon incorporated in fresh milk was converted to metabolite and disappeared during heat processes. Authors attributed most of the pesticide loss to removal associated with leaching of the fats in milk. The disappearance order of Diazinon as a result of pasteurization at 62.8C for 30 min. or boiling for 60 seconds in comparison to the concentration in fresh milk was boiling > pasteurization. In respect to the withdrawal study, the occurrence and incidence of Diazinon residues in milk had been largely lacking. It was no longer present 15 days after exposure

Teratogenicity and placental transfer study of lead in relation to the LD50 in albino rats

The acute oral LD50 of lead in albino rats was determined and found to be 10.72 g/kg b. wt., indicating that lead is well tolerated, however, much lower concentrations can result in teratogenicity. This concept was proven by oral administration of 1/50, 1/200 LD50 of lead to pregnant rats on days 9, 11, 9-14 or 11-14 of gestation. Dosage of 1/50 LD50 provoked 100% resorption at all the tested times. This may be attributed to that lead is highly embryotoxic and prevents implantation causing embryonic death. In respect to the dose level of 1/200 LD50, maternal body weight gain decreased throughout the gestation period compared with controls. Lead in this dose induced a significant increase in the fetal resorption rate while decrease in number of liver fetuses per litter, fetal body weight and crown-rump length were observed. The sex ratio and placental weight did not differ significantly from controls. The main external abnormalities were hydrocephaly, encephalocele, stunted or absent tail and hematoma spread at different parts of body, the most severe skeletal anomalies affected the vertebrae and ribs followed by skull involving missing or non-ossification of vertebrae and strenum, missing and surplus ribs, non-ossification of the parietal, interparietal and supra-occipital bone. The most frequently observed internal malformations were cerebral hemorrhage and hyperplasia, anophthalmia and/or microphthalmia, hydronephrosis and/or renal agenesis, lung hypotrophy, intrathoracic and abdominal hemorrhages. The severity of the teratogenic effects produced by lead was found when administrated to dams on days 9/9-14 followed in order by days 11-14, then day 11 of gestation