ABSTRACT
Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the circumferential anthropometric body characteristics of adult male Ijaws of southern Nigeria. Methodology:The research design was a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. It made use of a total number of four hundred (400) subjects whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years with BMI of 18.50 to <30.00. Individuals whose BMI fell within the category of overweight according to conventional BMI classification were included in the study because they looked apparently healthier than those with BMI classified as normal. Minimum sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane’s formula. Circumferential body anthropometric measurements and BMI were taken using stadiometer, digital calipers, calibrated flexible meter tape and weighting scale. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social science (SPSS version 25.0) and Microsoft Excel 2019. Continuous variables were presented as mean±SD; minimum and maximum. Age was categorized into two groups (21 –30 and 31 –40) years while Body Mass Index (BMI) was also categorized into two; normal weight (18.5 –24.9) and slightly overweight (25.0 –30.7). Independent sample t-test was therefore carried out to determine significant difference in the measured anthropometric parameters according to age. The confidence interval was set at 95%, therefore p< 0.05 was considered significant.Results:Results were presented in tables. Age and BMI were had no impact on the studied anthropometric parameters as there were no statistically significant difference seen when compared across age and BMI groups.On comparison with other racial populations, racial variation was observed. Conclusion: Circumferential anthropometric studies are mainly used to demonstrate health status, growth rate and other population demography. This study catalogued anthropometric description of body circumference of the Ijaw ethnic group. These anthropometric values will be useful in medical studies and forensics.
ABSTRACT
A study on Cephalic Index was carried out on subjects from Ogbia tribe of Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Four hundred and fourty individuals were randomly selected from the community comprising of 219 males and 221 females respectively. The ages of the subjects ranged from 2-18 years. The length and breadth of the head was measured using a sliding caliper from standard bony landmarks. The measurable point for head length was measured between the glabella and opisthocranion while the head breadth was the widest biparietal diameter from euryon (eu) on one side of the head to euryon (eu), on the other side. Mean values of cephalic index, standard deviation and standard error of mean were calculated for both sexes. The result showed that the mean cephalic index was 72.96 +/- 6.12. Male had a cephalic index of 73.68 +/- 6.53 while female had a cephalic index of 72.24 +/- 5.60. The difference in cephalic index between male and female was significant (p=0.007). Based on the cephalic index, the head form of 66.82 percent of individuals were Dolichocephalic, 21.59 percent Mesocephalic, 10.23 percent Brachycephalic and 1.36 percent Hyperbrachycephalic. This research showed that Ogbia children have Dolichocephalic phenotype. The data from this research will be useful in anthropology, genetics and forensic medicine.
Se estudió el índice cefálico en sujetos de la tribu Ogbia del estado de Bayelsa en la región del Delta del Níger de Nigeria. Fueron seleccionados al azar 440 individuos de la comunidad ( 219 hombres y 221 mujeres), con edades entre 2 y 18 años. La longitud y el ancho de la cabeza se midió utilizando un caliper de referencias óseas estándar. La longitud de la cabeza se midió entre la glabela y el opistocranion, y el ancho a nivel parietal desde un euryon a otro. Los valores medios de índice cefálico, la desviación estándar y el error estándar de la media se calcularon para ambos sexos. El resultado mostró que el índice cefálico promedio fue de 72,96 +/- 6,12. Los hombres tenían un índice cefálico de 73,68 +/- 6,53, mientras que las mujeres mostraron una índice cefálico de 72,24 +/- 5,60. La diferencia en el índice cefálico entre hombres y mujeres fue significativa (p=0,007). Con base en el índice cefálico, el 66,82 por ciento de los individuos eran dolicocefálicos, el 21,59 por ciento mesocefálicos, el 10,23 por ciento braquicefálicos y el 1,36 por ciento hiperbraquicéfalicos. Esta investigación mostró que los niños Ogbia tienen un fenotipo dolicocefálico. Los datos de esta investigación pueden ser útiles en antropología, genética y medicina forense.