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Objective To compare the time and spatial distribution of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases and its correlation,in China from 2012 to 2017.Methods Data on reported hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases was gathered from the Direct Reporting System of Infectious Diseases Information Network in China,2012 to 2017 while annually collected provincial data was based on the date of review and current address.Correlation of the data was analyzed,using both simple correlation and linear regression methods.Results The number of reported cases of hepatitis C remained stable in China,in 2012-2017,with the number of annual reported cases as 201 622,203 155,202 803,207 897,206 832 and 214 023,respectively.The number of reported cases on HIV/AIDS showed a steady growing trend,from 82 434,90 119,103 501,115 465,124 555 to 134 512.However,the numbers of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases were in the same,top six provinces:Henan,Guangdong,Xinjiang,Guangxi,Hunan and Yunnan.Results from the simple correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation (r＞0.5,P＜0.01) existed between the above-said two kinds of cases at the provincial level in China,in 2012-2017.Again,results from the linear regression analysis also showed that the correlation coefficient r,and year was strongly correlated (r=0.966) while rs had been linearly increasing with time.Conclusions Our data showed that there were temporal and spatial correlations existed between the reported cases of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS at the provincial level,suggesting that relevant prevention and control programs be carried out in areas with serious epidemics.Combination of the two strategies should be encouraged,especially on prevention and treatment measures related to blood transmission.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 5 populations in China during 2016-2017 and provide evidence for the estimation of prevalence trend of hepatitis C and evaluation on the prevention and control effect.Methods A total of 87 national sentinel surveillance sites for hepatitis C were set up in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China to obtain the information about HCV infection prevalence in 5 populations,including volunteer blood donors,people receiving physical examination,patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment,patients receiving hemodialysis,and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics.From April to June,2016 and 2017,cross-sectional surveys were repeatedly conducted in the 5 populations and blood samples were collected from them for HCV antibody detection.Results In 2016,86 sentinel sites completed the surveillance (one sentinel site was not investigated),and 115 841 persons were surveyed.The overall HCV positive rate was 0.38％ (442/115 841,95％CI:0.23％-0.53％).In 2017,all the 87 sentinel sites completed the surveillance,and 120 486 persons were surveyed.The overall HCV positive rate was 0.37％ (449/120 486,95％CI:0.23％-0.52％).In 2016 and 2017,the anti-HCV positive rates were 4.46％ (223/5 005,95％CI:2.18％-6.73％) and 4.39％ (216/4 919,95％ CI:2.29％-6.50％) respectively in hemodialysis patients,0.85％ (44/5 200,95％ CI:0.27％-1.42％) and 0.70％ (36/5 150,95％ CI:0.15％-1.24％) respectively in patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment and remained to be ≤0.25％ in volunteer blood donors,people receiving physical examination and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics.Results for the comparison of the anti-HCV positive rates in the 5 populations indicated that the differences were significant (F=23.091,P＜0.001 in 2016 and F=20.181,P＜0.001 in 2017).Conclusions Data from the sentinel surveillance of HCV infection on prevalence in China showed that the anti-HCV positive rates varied in the 5 populations during 2016-2017.The anti-HCV positive rate appeared the highest in the hemodialysis patients,followed by that in the patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment,and the prevalence of HCV infection in other 3 populations were at low levels.
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Objective To compare the time and spatial distribution of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases and its correlation,in China from 2012 to 2017.Methods Data on reported hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases was gathered from the Direct Reporting System of Infectious Diseases Information Network in China,2012 to 2017 while annually collected provincial data was based on the date of review and current address.Correlation of the data was analyzed,using both simple correlation and linear regression methods.Results The number of reported cases of hepatitis C remained stable in China,in 2012-2017,with the number of annual reported cases as 201 622,203 155,202 803,207 897,206 832 and 214 023,respectively.The number of reported cases on HIV/AIDS showed a steady growing trend,from 82 434,90 119,103 501,115 465,124 555 to 134 512.However,the numbers of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS cases were in the same,top six provinces:Henan,Guangdong,Xinjiang,Guangxi,Hunan and Yunnan.Results from the simple correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation (r＞0.5,P＜0.01) existed between the above-said two kinds of cases at the provincial level in China,in 2012-2017.Again,results from the linear regression analysis also showed that the correlation coefficient r,and year was strongly correlated (r=0.966) while rs had been linearly increasing with time.Conclusions Our data showed that there were temporal and spatial correlations existed between the reported cases of hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS at the provincial level,suggesting that relevant prevention and control programs be carried out in areas with serious epidemics.Combination of the two strategies should be encouraged,especially on prevention and treatment measures related to blood transmission.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 5 populations in China during 2016-2017 and provide evidence for the estimation of prevalence trend of hepatitis C and evaluation on the prevention and control effect.Methods A total of 87 national sentinel surveillance sites for hepatitis C were set up in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China to obtain the information about HCV infection prevalence in 5 populations,including volunteer blood donors,people receiving physical examination,patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment,patients receiving hemodialysis,and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics.From April to June,2016 and 2017,cross-sectional surveys were repeatedly conducted in the 5 populations and blood samples were collected from them for HCV antibody detection.Results In 2016,86 sentinel sites completed the surveillance (one sentinel site was not investigated),and 115 841 persons were surveyed.The overall HCV positive rate was 0.38％ (442/115 841,95％CI:0.23％-0.53％).In 2017,all the 87 sentinel sites completed the surveillance,and 120 486 persons were surveyed.The overall HCV positive rate was 0.37％ (449/120 486,95％CI:0.23％-0.52％).In 2016 and 2017,the anti-HCV positive rates were 4.46％ (223/5 005,95％CI:2.18％-6.73％) and 4.39％ (216/4 919,95％ CI:2.29％-6.50％) respectively in hemodialysis patients,0.85％ (44/5 200,95％ CI:0.27％-1.42％) and 0.70％ (36/5 150,95％ CI:0.15％-1.24％) respectively in patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment and remained to be ≤0.25％ in volunteer blood donors,people receiving physical examination and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics.Results for the comparison of the anti-HCV positive rates in the 5 populations indicated that the differences were significant (F=23.091,P＜0.001 in 2016 and F=20.181,P＜0.001 in 2017).Conclusions Data from the sentinel surveillance of HCV infection on prevalence in China showed that the anti-HCV positive rates varied in the 5 populations during 2016-2017.The anti-HCV positive rate appeared the highest in the hemodialysis patients,followed by that in the patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment,and the prevalence of HCV infection in other 3 populations were at low levels.
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Objective To study the prevalence of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1 infectors,and provide background information for HIV-1 drug resistance survey and clin-ical antiretroviral therapy in Beijing in 2008. Methods Referring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey(HIVDR-TS) of WHO, collecting 60-70 plasma samples of HIV-1 infectors who were detec-ted in 6 months and not more than 25 years,we detected HIV-1 pol genotype and genetic mutations associated with drug resistance,counted the prevalence of drug-resistant strains, and evaluated the prevalent level. Re-Sults Of 61 plasma samples answering for the standards, 50 were successfully sequenced and genotyped pol sequence. The major infection route was homosex, which accounted for 62%. B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_ BC were major genetic subtype, which accounted for 42%, 28% and 26%, respectively. One Pl-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 2% (1/50). One NRTI-resistant strain was found, the inci-dence of which was 2% (1/50). No NRTI-resistant strain was found, the incidence of which was 0. The in-cidence of drug-resistant strains in the protease (PR) region was 2%, and the incidence of reverse tran-scriptase (RT) region was also 2%. Both of the prevalence were classified as low level ( <5% ). Conclu-sion PR, RT-resistant HIV-1 strains were found in drug-naive infectors, and the prevalence was low in Beijing. Current antiretrovirai therapy regiments were still feasible. Most of the AIDS patients did not need to test drug resistance before antiretroviral therapy.
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Objective To study the application of viral load for differentiating diagnosis of early HIV infection. Methods Thirteen indeterminate specimens, which showed early HIV infection of antibody detection, were selected. Viral load of the specimens were detected. People with suspicious infection were followed up and certified infection status through EIA and Western blot. Results Twelve of 13 indeterminate specimens which indicated early HIV infection, had positive viral loads. One antibody-positive infant was confirmed to have been infected by HIV and 11 recent infected (window period) persons were certified during the follow-up. One antibody-positive infant had negative viral load and was certified noninfected per-son during the follow-up. Viral load testing results accorded with HIV infection status. Conclusion Viral load testing can be used to diagnose HIV early infection, including antibody-positive infants (within 18 months) and recent infected persons. Viral load testing could be diagnostic in determinate specimens during early HIV infection.