[Spiritual beliefs and quality of life: a qualitative research about diabetic adolescent girls' perception]

Spirituality is an important aspect of health of people with chronic health conditions such as diabetes. Awareness from adolescents' perception about life quality and its effective factors is useful for controlling blood glucose in adolescents and causes motivation in adolescents for self care. The aim of this study was to explore spirituality effects on life quality in diabetic adolescent girls. A qualitative design using content analysis was applied in order to seek the purpose. Data were collected using in-depth semi structured interviews and focus groups with participation of 28 adolescent girls with type 1diabetes. The participants were recruited by purposeful sampling of "West Azerbaijan Diabetes Association" members as well as some patients' referral to Urmia city hospitals diabetes clinics. Following data analysis, participants in this study were categorized in four general groups; people with religious attitude and satisfied from their life, people who perform religious etiquettes and satisfied from their life, people with spiritual beliefs and adaptation with diabetes, and finally people with spiritual beliefs and self care. Spirituality is an important factor that influences on the life quality of diabetic adolescent girls. In addition, spirituality helps adolescent girls with diabetes to cope with stressful situations and needs to be considered in management and care from these patients

[ effect of education based on health belief model on preventive factors of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women]

Osteoporosis and the fractures associated with are a major public health concern, because of related morbidity and disability, diminished quality of life, and mortality. Evidence suggests that to adopt changes on some life styles can prevent or delay development of osteoporosis. Most important modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis are receiving inadequate calcium intake and not doing weight-bearing exercises such as walking. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational program based on health belief model on preventive factors of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. This study was a quasi-experimental research with two groups, experimental [n=43] and control [n=41] selected from 4 mosques situated in ray city. The subjects in experimental group participated in a 6-week educational program [each session 60-90 minutes] based on health belief model. Data collection tools included demographic information form, knowledge questionnaire, health belief scale and food frequency questionnaire which were completed by the subjects of two groups before and after intervention. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge, health belief constructs, calcium intake and walking. After intervention, t-test showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in perceived susceptibility and severity [P<0.0001], barriers of calcium intake [P<0.0001], and barriers of exercise [P<0.0001]. Perceived benefits of calcium intake and exercise were not significantly different between groups after intervention [P=0.06]. Dietary Calcium intake increased to 906.55 +/- 282.45 mg/day in experimental group, but there was not statistically significant difference between two groups [P=0.40]. Changes in frequency of weekly walking was statistically significant [p=0.005] between groups, but the total time of walking wasn't statistically significant between them [P=0.07]. Educational program based on health belief model was effective in increasing health belief constructs and walking frequency but not in dietary calcium intake