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Objective To analysis the metabolic index among diabetic patients in community in summer and winter,and to provide evidence for disease management.Methods During June and December,119 diabetic patients were seleted from communities living for more than a year by the method of stratified cluster sampling.The metabolic indexes were compared usingpaired t test ,and the rate of biochemical indicators were analyzed by McNemar 's test between two seasons .Results The values of HbA1c,GLU and HDL -C were higher in winter than in summer (P <0.01).The mean values of TC in summer and winter were the same.The detection values of triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were lower in winter than in summer,but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05 ).The control rate of HbA1c was 56.36% in summer,and the control rate was 44.54% in winter,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).In summer, the control rate was 59.66%,higher than 45.38% in winter,and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The control rate of blood pressure was better than that in winter,while triglyceride and low density lipoprotein control was better than that in summer,but which was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion The metabolic index of diabetic patients in Zhoushan urban community was significantly affected by seasonal changes.Most indexes were better in summer than that in winter,which suggested that the intervention of diabetics should be enhanced in winter.
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Objective To explore the relationship of height,weight and body mass index with fists size among adults,and to compare the regression coefficient of different models.Methods Adults aged 20 -80 years were selected by stratified cluster sampling methods.T -test and univariate analysis of variance were used to compare the height,weight and fists size stratified by gender and BMI group.Regression model for fists volume was established.The regression coefficients were compared through covariance interaction analysis.Results The height,weight,BMI and fists size of male were higher than that of female (P <0.01 ).The regression model for fists size(Y)of BMI(X)for male,female and total population were Y=1 67.603 +9.445X,Y =1 1 1 .1 83 +7.779X and Y =77.1 57 +1 1 .028X(R2 =0.324,0.322,0.271 ,P <0.05).Fists size of different BMI groups were related to their height (R2 =0.501 ,0.432,0.624,0.692,P <0.05),respectively, and their regression coefficients have no statistically differences (P =0.07).The fists sizes of different BMI groups were different(P <0.01 ).Fists size of overweight or obesity groups (365.641 ±68.51 4,365.641 ±68.51 4,respectively)were larger than that of the normal and slim groups(P <0.01 ),and fists size of normal body (31 4.261 ±59.590)was larger than that of slim body(261 .081 ±59.478).Conclusion The fists sizes of male were higher than that of female.Fists size was positively related to their BMI.The height had the some impact on fists size among people in different BMI groups.
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Objective To investigate the status of the ability of emotion and behavior management and to explore the influence factors among the elderly in Zhoushan City.Methods Self -designed questionnaires of Activity of Daily Living Scale and Emotion -Behavior Assessment were used to investigate the elderly in Lincheng District,Zhoushan.The incidence of emotion and behavior abnormities were statistically analyzed.The influence factors were analyzed by chi -square test,rank -sum test and the ordinal regression.Results A total of 1 260 valid questionnaires were collected,the incidence of emotion and behavior abnormities among the elderly was 5.56% and the number of mild,moderate,and severe abnormity were 40,19 and 11,which accounted for 3.17%,1.51% and 0.87%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in emotion and behavior among age,education,marital status,living situation, prevalence,income and the daily living skills.Ordinal regression analysis showed that the major influence factors were living situation,income and the daily living skills.The ordinal regression analysis also showed the risk of emotional and behavior disorders of the elderly in nursing homes were 17.05 times higher than those who live with spouse (95%CI =4.31-67.35),and the elderly with monthly income below 465 yuan were 9.37 times higher than those who with monthly income over 1 160 yuan (95%CI =1.63 -53.79),and the severe,moderate and mild dependent elderly were 236.28, 32.29 and 13.79 times higher than the elderly who were independent.Conclusion Psychological care for the elderly with low income,poor self -care ability and living in nursing homes should be highly focused on.
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Objective Todescribethemonthlyincidencedistributionofhand-foot-mouthdisease(HFMD)from2010to 2012inZhoushancityandtoanalyzetheseasonaltrendandthecausesofpeakchanges.Methods Circulardistribution method was used to identify the peak period of HFMD incidence.Watson -William test and Watson's U2 test were applied for comparing the peak periods respectively.Chi -square test was conducted to analyze and compare the distribution of HFMDpathogenindifferentyearsandBonferronimethodwasusedformultiplecomparisons.Results Therewasseasonal centralized tendency of HFMD incidence during 2010 to 2012 (P<0.01).The peak period occurred between 8th of May and 1st of September which showed a significant difference among three years (P<0.01).Specifically,the peak period in 2012 was earlier than that in 2010 and 201 1 (both P<0.01 ).Among the 356 reported cases with laboratory confirmed, there was significant difference between the distribution of HFMD pathogen by Chi -square test (P <0.01 ).The predominant strain was EV71 in 2010 and 2011 accounting for 58.46%and 64.62%respectively and other enteric viruses in 2012 accounting for 48.84%.The ratio of pathogens in 2012 was statistically different from that in 2010 and 201 1 respectively(bothP<0.01).Conclusion HFMDcasesoccurwithobviouspeakseason,regionalandgeographic differences.The major pathogens of EV71 in 2010 and 2011 were changed into other enteric viruses in 2012.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of the different levels of serum bisphenol A (BPA) between rat and mouse after oral administration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 18 specific pathogen free (SPF) male rats and 18 mice were treated with 300 mg/kg BPA by oral administration, blood samples were taken from rats and mice after BPA administration at 0.5, 1.0, 12.0 h time points (n = 6 at each point). Serum BPA levels were quantified using fluorescence-high performance liquid chromatography (FL-HPLC) analysis. The rats and mice (n = 6, respectively) were perfused with 100 ml of 0.1 mmol/L BPA by intestinal absorption in situ, then the BPA levels of perfusion fluid at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 h time points and serum at 2.0 h after BPA perfusion were determined by FL-HPLC analysis. The levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 (UGT2B1) mRNA expression in the liver of rats and mice were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and UGT2B1 enzymatic activity was determined by FL-HPLC method. The rats and mice (n = 6, respectively) were treated with 300 mg/kg BPA by oral administration after fasting 24 h, the feces were collected during 24 h and the levels of BPA in feces were determined by FL-HPLC analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 0.5, 1.0, 12.0 h after oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, the levels of serum BPA in mice ((66.57 ± 14.95), (51.16 ± 16.06), (22.73 ± 5.00) µg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than in rats ((15.63 ± 5.65), (18.34 ± 5.02), (7.65 ± 2.58) µg/ml, respectively) (F values were 50.660, 17.957, 8.420, respectively, P < 0.05), the rates of absorption in mice small intestine during 0 h-, 0.5 h-, 1.0 - 2.0 h ((10.20 ± 4.20), (1.49 ± 0.67), (1.31 ± 0.55) µg × cm(-2) × min(-1), respectively) were higher than that in rats ((1.87 ± 0.69), (0.47 ± 0.13), (0.36 ± 0.08) µg × cm(-2) × min(-1), respectively) (F values were 14.954, 8.877, 11.536, respectively, P < 0.05), the serum BPA levels in mice ((22.64 ± 4.35) µg/ml) were significantly higher than in rats ((4.13 ± 0.83) µg/ml) after 2 h perfusion with 0.1 mmol/L BPA (F = 74.643, P = 0.000), the levels of UGT2B1 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity in the rats liver were obviously higher than in the mice liver. After oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, the feces BPA levels of rats ((1.50 ± 0.32) mg/g) were significantly higher than that of the mice ((0.57 ± 0.35) mg/g) (F = 21.215, P = 0.001) during 24 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum BPA level of mouse is significantly higher than the rat after oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, which may be caused by BPA high absorption rate of mouse small intestine and strong ability of BPA glucuronidation and excretion of the rat.</p>