ABSTRACT
Objective To explore polygraph accuracy of Control Question Test （CQT）and whether it could be influenced by examinee's education level and type of violation of law. Methods Real cases of CQT （n=104） and the data from MAO （n=296） were collected. The polygraph accuracy of CQT was calculated. Variance analysis on three groups of different education levels was used to compare their age, and then the chi-square test was employed to compare polygraph accuracy among the groups. Independent sample t test was used to compare the age of subjects in the two groups of different types of violation of law, and then chi-square test was used to compare the true positive rate and true negative rate of lie detection after integration. Results In CQT lie detection of criminal cases, the true positive rate was 87.00%, the false negative rate was 13.00%, the true negative rate was 82.20%, and the false positive rate was 17.80%. There was no statistical significance in the differences between the true positive rate and the true negative rate （P>0.05）. In CQT lie detection of the groups of different education levels, there was no statistical significance in the differences between the true positive rates （P>0.05） while the differences between the true negative rates had statistical significance （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the differences of both the true positive rates and the true negative rates between the violent violation of law and non-violent violation of law （P>0.05）. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the efficiency of CQT lie detection of identifying criminals and excluding innocents. However, a comparatively high false positive rate and false negative rate still exist. The efficiency of CQT lie detection identifying criminals may not influenced by the examinee's education level and type of violation of law, but its efficiency of excluding innocents may be influenced by the examinee's education level.
Subject(s)
Criminals , Lie Detection , Monitoring, Physiologic , PsychophysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ideal animal models for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes and the effect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function on the behavior of ADHD rats by comparing behavioral differences between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 24 male SHRs aged 21 days were randomly divided into GR agonist group, GR inhibitor group, and SHR group, with 8 rats in each group. Eight male WKY rats and 8 male SD rats, also aged 21 days, were enrolled as WKY group and SD group respectively. The GR agonist group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg daily); the GR inhibitor group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of mifepristone (RU486) (54 mg/kg daily); the SHR, WKY, and SD groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (0.5 mL/kg daily). The course of treatment was 14 days for all groups. The open field test and Lat maze test were used to evaluate spontaneous activity and non-selective attention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The open field test showed that before drug intervention the SHR group had significantly higher numbers of line crossings and rearings than the WKY and SD groups (P<0.05); the WKY group had a significantly higher number of line crossings than the SD group (P<0.05); the SD group had a significantly higher number of groomings than the WKY group (P<0.05). After drug intervention, the GR agonist group had significantly lower numbers of line crossings and groomings than the SHR group (P<0.05). The Lat maze test indicated that before drug intervention the SHR group had significantly higher numbers of corner crossings and rearings than the WKY and SD groups (P<0.05); the WKY group had significantly higher numbers of rearings and leanings than the SD group (P<0.05). After drug intervention, the GR agonist group had significantly lower numbers of corner crossings and rearings than the SHR group (P<0.05); the GR inhibitor group had a significantly higher number of rearings than the SHR group (P<0.05); the WKY group had significantly higher numbers of rearings and leanings than the SD group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SHR is an ideal animal model for mixed subtype ADHD, and further studies are needed to determine whether WKY rats can be used as an animal model for attention-deficit subtype ADHD. GR agonist can effectively improve spontaneous activity and non-selective attention in SHRs.</p>