ABSTRACT
Compared with human insulin, insulin lispro shows a faster hypoglycemic effect and a higher peak plasma concentration, which can better control postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we used a solid phase extraction pretreatment method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify insulin lispro in rat plasma. Bovine insulin was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC Peptide CSH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) after solid phase extraction. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 1 162.5→217.2 for insulin lispro and m/z 1 157.5→136.0 for insulin bovine (internal standard). The method validation results showed that the linear range was 0.1 ng·mL-1 - 100 ng·mL-1; intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria for biological sample analysis. The recovery of insulin lispro ranged from 63.1% to 68.1%. The method was applied in a pharmacokinetic study of insulin lispro following a single-dose subcutaneous administration to rats. Animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the service needs in relation to the related behavioral characteristics and reproductive health service for women receiving induced abortion in childbearing age in Wenzhou, providing reference for the protection of reproductive health in women of childbearing age. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among a total of 1 065 women of childbearing age who received artificial abortion in 12 medical institutions and maternal and child health care institutions in Wenzhou. Results Of the 1 065 women, 456 (42.82%) were under 24 years old, 609 (57.18%) were over 25 years old.815 (76.53%) with high school / technical secondary school degree or below, 250 (23.47%) with college degree or above.448 unmarried (42.07%), 617 married (57.93%).484 (45.45%) of first abortion and 581 (54.55%) of repeated abortion.Among the direct causes of abortion, 244 (54.46%) were not contraception, 382 (61.91%) were contraception failure.There was a significant difference in the direct causes of induced abortion among women with different marital status(χ2＝28.128, P < 0.05).67.51% of the surveyed women hoped that the family planning clinic would provide contraceptive and reproductive health consulting services after abortion. Conclusion Women of childbearing age with induced abortion in Wenzhou have low education level, high rate of repeated abortion, lack of contraceptive knowledge and high demand for contraceptive and reproductive health consulting services.Therefore, it is necessary to improve reproductive health education, popularize contraceptive knowledge, reduce abortion rate and promote reproductive health.
ABSTRACT
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from alpha-synuclein lesions, which affects about eight million patients over the world. PD is manifested in progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. With understanding of PD gradually deepened, motor symptoms mainly manifested in resting tremor are not the only manifestations of PD. Clinically many non-motor symptoms such as autonomic nervous symptoms, mental symptoms and paresthesia are also the important manifestations of PD and can appear earlier than motor symptoms. The effect of the non-motor symptoms on the patients' life is often not less than that of the motor symptoms. Clinically the changeable non-motor symptoms are far more complex and more difficult to treat than the motor symptoms. Conventional anti-PD drugs such as levodopa have little effect on the non-motor symptoms. Present clinical studies have showed that acupuncture has a certain therapeutic effect on the non-motor symptoms of PD. This provides important help for expanding the way to treat PD.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of gallic acid and hesperidin in Xiaogu capsule, in order to provide a simple, rapid and accurate method for quality control of the compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Xiaogu capsule was extracted with methanol heating reflux method. Synergi 4 mu Hydro-RP 80A (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted as the chromatographic column, with acetonitrile--0.04 mol x L(-1) phosphate monobasic sodium solution (20: 80) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 283 nm, and the column temperature was 25 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under the conditions, gallic acid and hesperidin reached the baseline resolved peak, with a good linearity within the range of 21.6-216.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 93) for gallic acid, and 4.5-45.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 95) for hesperidin, respectively. Their average recoveries (n = 9) were 101.5% (RSD 3.7%) and 94.7% (RSD 2.7%), respectively. The average contents of gallic acid and hesperidin contained in Xiaogu capsule were detected to 5.10% and 0.091 1%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method established in this study can determine the content of gallic acid and hesperidin contained in Xiaogu capsule in a rapid and accurate manner, which provided reference for quality evaluation of the medicine.</p>