ABSTRACT
Objective To construct safety culture evaluation system for intravenous treatment. Method On the basis of literature review and in-depth interview of two rounds using Delphi method , consensus was achieved to build an evaluation system for safety culture of intravenous treatment . Results The recovery rate from expert consultation questionnaires of two rounds was 90 . 00% and 94 . 40%, respectively . The expert′s authority coefficient was greater than 0 . 80 . The expert′s coordination coefficient was 0 . 308 , with significant difference statistically ( P < 0 . 05 ) . After two rounds of expert consultation , an evaluation index system for safety culture of intravenous treatment was formed , including five 5 primary indexes and 25 secondary indicators . The experts had consensus on the indexes . Conclusion The evaluation system can help us to understand the status quo of intravenous treatment′s safety culture so that we can make targeted improvement . It is of importance for guaranteeing the safety of patients with intravenous therapy .
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of fluoride on testicular cell cycle and cell apoptosis of male rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy male Wistar rats,weighting 150-180 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups by body weight using random number table,normal sodium (control),the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(100,200,300 mg· kg-1· d-1 NaF,respectively) by intragastric administration for 90 days,and bodyweight was observed daily.After the last intragastric administration,all rats were killed by cervical dislocation.The testicular cell cycle and cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.Results After 30 days exposure,the difference of body weight between groups was statistically significant(F =3.884,P ＜ 0.05).The body weights in low-and medium-dose groups[(235.00 ± 14.56),(235.44 ± 24.99)g] were significantly increased than that of high-dose group [(206.00 ± 18.16)g,all P ＜ 0.05].There was no significant difference of body weight between the groups at 0,60 and 90 days(F =0.501,0.578,1.893,all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control group[(43.10 ± 3.62)％],the percentages of G0/G1 stage cells were significantly increased in all the NaF-treated groups [(57.60 ± 7.26) ％,(52.80 ± 3.20) ％,(73.13 ± 4.08) ％] and the percentages of S stage cells were significantly decreased in all the NaF-treated groups [(10.58 ± 2.58)％,(9.35 ± 0.35)％,(9.55 ± 0.50)％] compared to the control group[(19.23 ± 0.61)％,all P ＜ 0.05].On the other hand,the percentage of G2/M stage cells decreased significantly in high-dose group[(17.18 ± 2.21)％] compared with the control group[(36.34 ± 5.05)％,P ＜ 0.05].The testicular cell apoptosis ratios in all the NaF-treated groups were higher than that in the control group,but only in medium-and high-dose groups[(71.03 ± 2.30)％,(71.90 ± 2.16)％],the difference was statistically significant compared with the control group [(60.80 ± 2.34)％,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Chronic fluorosis can change testicular cell cycle and cell apoptosis and damage the reproductive system.
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Objective To investigate the incidence of sharp injury (SI)among health care workers(HCWs)in dif-ferent levels of hospitals in Gansu Province,so as to improve HCWs’precaution awareness,standardize behavior, and provide guide for making occupational precaution measures.Methods From January to December 2012,HCWs in 38 medical institutes in Gansu Province were selected with stratified random sampling,HCWs were surveyed through questionnaires and interview.Results A total of 11 358 questionnaires were received,the incidence of SI was 9.87%(n=1 121),case rate was 12.60%(n=1 431),the frequency of SI was 1.05 times/(person·month).SI rates of different genders,positions and years of working were statistically different (all P <0.05).The main medical devices cau-sing SI were syringe needle,venous transfusion scalp needle and surgical suture .SI caused by known sources were 1 099 times (76.80%);980 times (68.48%)of SI were induced by contaminated sources,474 (48.37%)of which were blood-borne diseases,bloodborne disease exposure accounted for 33.12%.Among bloodborne disease exposure,hepatitis B virus accounted for 74.25%,Treponema pallidun 13.10%,hepatitis C virus 12.01% ,and human immunodeficiency virus 0.64%.Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of SI among HCWs in Gansu Province,it is a very important public health problem which needs to be solved.