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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous lauromacrogol injection (PLI) in treatment of cystic or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.@*Methods@#A total of 114 cystic thyroid nodules and 61 predominantly cystic thyroid nodules with pain or uncomfort or aesthetic complaints were offered PLI. Therapeutic success rates and side effects were evaluated. From October 2012 to December 2015,114 patients with cystic thyroid nodules and 61 with predominantly cystic thyroid nodules with pain or uncomfortable or aesthetic complaints at the outpatient clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were offered percutaneous lauromacrogol sclerotherapy. Cytological results were benign. This study was a prospective trial. Ultrasonography sound examination was performed in all patients before treatment. The baseline data of all the patients and the data of the patients examined at the follow-up of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were analyzed. Therapeutic success rate (nodule volume reduction >50%) and safety were observed. The data of nodule volume reduction ratio and the function of thyroid were normal distribution and analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and t test. The data of nodule volume, symptoms score and cosmetic score were skewed distribution, which were indicated with median and analyzed by nonparamentic test.@*Results@#The mean volume of the cystic thyroid nodules was reduced from 12.5 cm3 before PLI to 0.2 cm3 at 12 months after PLI (χ2=266.175, P<0.001), with a therapeutic success rate of 100%, and the mean volume of the predominantly cystic thyroid nodules was reduced from 10.5 cm3 before PLI to 2.0 cm3 at 12 months after PLI (χ2=203.122, P<0.001) with a therapeutic success rate of 93.4%(57/61). Pressure symptom score and cosmetic grade were significantly improved at 12 months after PLI in patients with cystic or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. Pressure symptom score and cosmetic grade in patients with cystic thyroid nodules were Z=-6.126 and Z=-13.735, respectively; pressure symptom score and cosmetic grade in patients with predominantly cystic thyroid nodules were Z=-3.126 and Z=-7.212, respectively (all P<0.001) . There no significant difference in the thyroid functions before and after PLI in two groups of patients (all P>0.05) . The side effects of PLI were mild.@*Conclusion@#PLI is a safe and effective alternative to treat benign cystic or predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.
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Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) with those of insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods This was a 26-week,randomized,open-label,parallel-group,treat-to-target trial in 560 Chinese subjects with T2DM (men/women:274/263,mean age 56 years,mean diabetes duration 7 years) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).Subjects were randomized 2:1 to once-daily IDeg (373 subjects) or IGlar(187 subjects),both in combination with metformin.The primary endpoint was changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) after 26 weeks.Results Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2％ in both groups to 6.9％ in IDeg and 7.0％ in IGlar,respectively.Estimated treatment difference (ETD) of IDegIGlar in change from baseline was-0.10％ points (95％ CI-0.25-0.05).The proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c ＜ 7.0％ was 56.3％ and 49.7％ with IDeg and IGlar,respectively [estimated odds ratio of IDeg/IGlar:1.26 (95 ％ CI 0.88-1.82)].Numerically lower rateof overall confirmed hypoglycaemia and statistically significantly lower nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia were associated with IDeg compared with IGlar,respectively [estimated rateratio of IDeg/IGlar 0.69 (95％ CI 0.46-1.03),and 0.43 (95％ CI 0.19-0.97)].No differences in other safety parameters were found between the two groups.Conclusions IDeg was non-inferior to IGlar in terms of glycaemic control,and was associated with a statistically significantly lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia.IDeg is considered to be suitable for initiating insulin therapy in Chinese T2DM patients on OADs requiring intensified treatment.Clinical trail registration Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01849289.
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Objective To investigate the effect of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor combined with biguanides on serum estrogens in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with infertility in patients.Methods 72 cases with polycystic ovary syndrome with infertility from Huangyan Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 36 cases of each group.The control group received conventional therapy, and the treatment group received more with orlistat, serological indicators, clinical symptoms, signs, pregnancy rate and ovulation rate were compared after the treatment.Results Compared with control group, levels of blood glucose and blood lipid index decreased in treatment group after treatment (P<0.05), the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicles estrogen (FSH), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) decrease(P<0.05), levels of visfatin (VF) and leptin (LEP) decreased(P<0.05), adiponectin (APN) increased(P<0.05), and levels of BMI, WHR, hirsutism score and ovarian volume decreased (P<0.05).Compared with the control group(69.44%, 55.56%), the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in the treatment (91.67%, 80.56%) were higher(P<0.05).Conclusion Gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor combined with biguanides could improve the pregnancy rate and ovulation rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with infertility, reduce the levels of estrogens.
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Objective To investigate the kidney function changes and the risk factors in elderly patients aged 80 years and over.Methods A total of 1054 hospitalized patients aged ≥80 years in our hospital were selected.Serum levels of creatinine,urea,uric acid and urinate were tested.Cockcroft-Gault equation was used to estimate glomerular filtrate rate (GFR).Results The renal function in 87.1 ％ of the patients was reduced.The percentage of patients with 30≤eGFR ＜60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 was 66.2％.The percentage of patients with 15≤eGFR ＜30 ml · min-1 · 1.73 · m-2had a gender difference (P＜0.05).Serum creatinine level was not an ideal indicator for early renal dysfunction in the elderly,especially in emaciated elderly people.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,hypertension,coronary heart disease and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors for the decline of renal function (OR=1.937,1.602,1.842,7.020,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The rate of renal dysfunction is high in very old people.Many risk factors affect renal dysfunction.
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Objective To explore the hospitalization costs of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and analyze key influencing factors.Methods A total of 570 diabetic foot inpatients were recruited from January 2008 to March 2012 for analysis of the relationship between their hospitalization costs and clinical symptoms.The multifactor regression analysis model was used to identify main influencing factors for their hospitalization costs.Results The medical costs of such inpatients amounted to 1 9 825.6 yuan (12 476.6~32 745.9)yuan,while average hospitalization costs of the 3 401 diabetic patients admitted over the same period were but 9 757.1 yuan (6 282.1 ~ 1 5 723.7 )yuan,a difference of statistic significance.The single-factor analysis found statistical differences from the differences of hospitalization among various age,occupation,dorsal artery of foot,B ultrasound of lower extremity arteries,wagner classification,amputation,transfer,leucocyte,hemoglobin,serum albumin,serum creatinine and high density lipoprotein.Multifactor analysis found that the significant factors influencing the medical costs of inpatients were days of stay,albumin,wagner classification,dorsal artery of foot,leucocyte and age. Conclusion Hypoalbuminemia,high stage of wagner classification,weak or absent pulsation of foot dorsal artery,severe infection and aging were significant factors contributing to higher medical costs of hospitalization for patients with diabetic foot ulcer.
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AIM:To investigate the protection mechanisms of rosiglitazone on diabetic nephropathy.METHODS:Rat mesangial cells(MC) were incubated in media containing 5.5 mmol/L normal control glucose,25 mmol/L high concentration glucose,25 mmol/L glucose +20 ?mol/L rosiglitazone maleate.Cells proliferation were assessed by CCK-8.Synthesis of fibronectin(FN),type Ⅳ collagen(Col-Ⅳ),transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1(TIMP-1) in supernatant were determined by ELISA method,the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2,9(MMP-2,9) in supernatant were determined by gelatinase zymography.RESULTS:Compared with control group,MC cultured with high concentration glucose showed a high growth rate and increased synthesis of Col-Ⅳand FN,decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9,and increased secretion of TGF-?1 and TIMP-1.Compared with high glucose group,these changes could be reversed by rosiglitazone intervention.CONCLUSION:Rosiglitazone could inhibit high concentration glucose-induced proliferation of mesangial cells,decrease synthesis of extracellular matrix,and increase degradation of extracellular matrix.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of fenofibrate(FB) and rosiglitazone(RG) on the signal passway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK) in glomerular mesangial cells cultivated in high concentration of glucose.METHODS: Rat mesangial cells(MC) were incubated in 5.5 mmol/L normal control glucose,25 mmol/L high glucose(HG),HG+100 ?mol/L fenofibrate(FB+HG),HG+20 ?mol/L rosiglitazone maleate(RG+HG),respectively.The fibronectin(FN) and type Ⅳ collagen(Col-Ⅳ) in supernatant were determined by ELISA.The expressions of p38MAPK and phospho-p38MAPK proteins in cytoplasm and nuclei were detected by Phospho-ELISA.The mRNA expression of p38MAPK was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS: Compared with normal control,the Col-Ⅳand FN in supernatant in HG group were much higher,the expression of p-p38MAPK was increased in cytoplasms and nuclei.Col-Ⅳ and FN were obviously decreased with the treatment of FB or RG,and the expression of p-p38MAPK in nuclei was down-regulated,but the expression of p-p38MAPK in intracytoplasm had no changes.There were no significant differences of the expressions of total protein and mRNA of p38MAPK among four groups.CONCLUSION: FB,RG could inhibit the activation of p38MAPK in nuceli of MC cultivated in high concentration of glucose,and then reduce the synthesis of extracellular matrix.
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Urinary excretions of transforming grow th factor-? 1 (TGF-? 1), laminin (LN) and type Ⅳ collagen were determined i n 182 type 2 diabetic patients. Urinary excretions of TGF-? 1, LN and type Ⅳ collagen were increased in type 2 diabetic patients, and these findings were fa irly well correlated with severity of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Urinary TGF-? 1 seems to be the early index of DN, urinary LN and type Ⅳ collagen appear to be the indices of DN severity.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of losartan on the mRNA expression of type 2 angiotensin II receptor and cytokines in diabetic rat kidney.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided by following groups: control rats(group C),diabetic rats(group D) and diabetic rats treated with losartan (30(mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)),by gavage,group DT).At the end of 8-weeks study,mRNA expressions of the type 2 angiotensin II receptor(AT_2),transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1),platelet-derived growth factor-B(PDGF-B),tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and collagen Ⅳ in rats renal cortex were measured by RT-PCR,respectively.In addition,angiotensin Ⅱ level in renal cortex was determined by the radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: In group D,urine protein excretion(P
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AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism of amylin in inducing apoptosis of human pancreatic islet ?-cells. METHODS: Human pancreatic islet cells were isolated and cultured. The cells were treated with amylin or amylin and aminoguanidine (AG group) for 24 h, respectively. Apoptosis of pancreatic islet ?-cells was studied by in situ TUNEL method combined with double staining for insulin and ELISA. The levels of insulin, NO 2 -/NO 3 - and glutathione (GSH), p53 mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA were also detected. RESULTS: (1) The enrichment factor and the apoptosis rate of pancreatic islet ?-cells in amylin group were markedly higher than that in control group and AG group ( P