Analysis and Modeling of Risk Factors for Children with Intestinal Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze factors associated with intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) in children and to develop a prediction model for intestinal aGVHD after allo-HSCT in children.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 62 children who underwent allo-HSCT at the Department of Hematology of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from February 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Intestinal aGVHD was evaluated according to the Mount Sinai Acute GVHD International Consortium (MAGIC) grading criteria, the variables were screened by LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression analysis with 10-fold cross-validation, and developed a model for predicting intestinal aGVHD after allo-HSCT in children.@*RESULTS@#A total of 33 (53.2%) of the 62 children developed intestinal aGVHD, of which 25 were degree II and 8 were degree III-IV. The results of screening variables by 10-fold cross-validated LASSO regression showed that the significant variables included ethnic minorities (OR =7.229; 95%CI: 2.337-22.354), platelet (PLT) (OR =0.971; 95%CI: 0.932-0.993), uric acid (UA) (OR =0.971; 95%CI: 0.935-0.988), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR =1.217; 95%CI: 1.053-1.545), and viral infection (OR =10; 95%CI: 3.021-32.668), and these variables were independently associated with intestinal aGVHD in children (all P <0.05). A prediction model was constructed based on above variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the model was calculated, and the AUC value was 0.985 (0.966-1), the Brier score was 0.055. The evaluation showed that the model has a high degree of discrimination and calibration.@*CONCLUSION@#Ethnic minorities, low PLT, low UA, high CRP, and viral infections are independently associated with intestinal aGVHD in children, and early attention should be paid to these high-risk children.

Network Meta-analysis of single Hirudo prescriptions in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease / 中国中药杂志

This study intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single Hirudo prescriptions in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD) by frequency network Meta-analysis and traditional Meta-analysis. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect the randomized controlled trial(RCT) of single Hirudo prescriptions for ICVD from the inception of the databases to May 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Finally, 54 RCTs and 3 single Hirudo prescriptions were included. Statistical analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 and Stata SE 15. Network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of the clinical effective rate, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) of intervention measures was as follows: Huoxue Tongmai Capsules+conventional treatment>Maixuekang Capsules+conventional treatment>Naoxuekang Capsules+conventional treatment>conventional treatment. Traditional Meta-analysis revealed that in terms of the safety of ICVD treatment, Maixuekang Capsules+conventional treatment had higher safety than conventional treatment alone. According to the network Meta-analysis and traditional Meta-analysis, it was found that conventional treatment combined with single Hirudo prescriptions improved the clinical efficacy of ICVD patients, and compared with that of conventional treatment alone, the incidence of adverse reactions of combined treatment was low and the safety was high. However, the methodological quality of the articles included in this study was generally low and there were large differences in the number of articles on the three combined medication. Therefore, the conclusion of this study needed to be confirmed by subsequent RCT.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin / 中国药理学通报

Aim To prepare prostate cancer exosomes containing melittin and observe their uptake by prostate cancer cells. Methods Cells treated with starvation for different time were screened for exosome extraction. Exosomes from PC-3 cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation, and the extracted particles were examined by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analyzer(NTA), and Western blot. Melittin exosome system was prepared by repeated freeze-thaw method, incubation at room temperature as well as electroporation, and the size of encapsulation efficiency was measured by centrifugation. A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied to assay the content of melittin exosomes(exo-mel). Fluorescence inverted microscopy was employed to evaluate the uptake of melittin exosomes by PC-3 cells, DU145 cells as well as LNCaP cells. Results The results of starvation treatment showed that 24 h starvation treatment was the optimal time point. TEM results showed that the exosomes were round or oval in shape with a distinct membranous structure, and the diameter was around 100 nm. The reagent protein concentration for NTA analysis of exosomes was 0.222 g·L-1. The results of Western blot for the marker proteins of exosomes showed that Alix and CD63 were positively expressed, which indicated that the exosomes could be obtained by starvation culture of PC-3 cells and ultracentrifugation. The results of entrapment efficiency showed that the entrapment efficiency of electroporation method was 17.51% ± 2.39%, that of repeated freeze-thaw method was 11.46% ± 1.02%, and that of room temperature incubation method was 3.93% ± 2.44%. The encapsulation efficiency of electroporation was the highest with significant difference(P<0.05). The uptake assay showed that PC-3 cells could efficiently take up exo-mel in a time-dependent manner, and DU145 cells and LNCaP cells also could take up exo-mel over time. Conclusions Exosomes can be accessed by starvation treatment and high-speed centrifugation, and the prostate cancer melittin exosome system prepared by electroporation method could be taken up by prostate cancer cells.

Changes of intestinal flora in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia before and after chemotherapy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To examine the changes of intestinal flora in children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the influence of chemotherapy on intestinal flora.@*METHODS@#Fecal samples were collected from 40 children newly diagnosed with ALL before chemotherapy and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy. Ten healthy children served as the control group. 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis were performed to compare the differences in intestinal flora between the ALL and control groups and children with ALL before and after chemotherapy.@*RESULTS@#The ALL group had a significant reduction in the abundance of intestinal flora at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy, with a significant reduction compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the diversity of intestinal flora before and after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the phylum level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05) and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05). At the genus level, compared with the control group, the ALL group had a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Klebsiella in the ALL group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy and showed a significant increase at 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05); the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the ALL group was significantly lower than that in the control group before and after chemotherapy and showed a significant reduction at 2 weeks and 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Enterococcus increased significantly at 1 and 2 months after chemotherapy in the ALL group (P<0.05), and was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The diversity of intestinal flora in children with ALL is significantly lower than that in healthy children. Chemotherapy significantly reduces the abundance of intestinal flora and can reduce the abundance of some probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium) and increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella and Enterococcus) in children with ALL.

A new phloroglucinol from Dryopteris fragrans and its antibacterial activity in vitro / 中国中药杂志

A new phloroglucinol was isolated from 50% ethanol extract of Dryopteris fragrans by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography(TLC), and preparative liquid column chromatography. On the basis of MS, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, and reference materials, compound 1 was identified as 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 2-{[2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(1-isobutyl)phenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)(1), and named disaspidin BB. Compound 1 was evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The experimental results showed that compared with the commonly used topical antibiotics erythromycin or mupirocin, disaspidin BB exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis(SEP), S. haemolyticus(SHA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA)(P<0.05). Additionally, disaspidin BB was sensitive to ceftazidime-resistant SEP1-SEP4, SHA5-SHA7, MRSA8, and MRSA9. The MIC values of disaspidin BB against SEP and SHA were 1.67-2.71 μg·mL~(-1) and 10.00-33.33 μg·mL~(-1) respectively. Disaspidin BB has good antibacterial activities and deserves development as a new anti-infective drug for external use.

Effect of different sufentanil doses on hemodynamics and interleukin-6 in children with ventricular septal defect repair / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different sufentanil doses on hemodynamics and interleukin (IL)-6 in children with ventricular septal defect repair (VSDR).Methods:A total of 96 children who underwent VSDR surgery in Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University from January 2016 to June 2019 were selected. Children with VSDR were enrolled and divided into A group (0.8 μg/kg), B group (1.0 μg/kg) and C group (1.1 μg/kg) according their sufentanil doses. The heart rate (HR), contraction pressure (SBP), the brain electric double frequency index (BIS) and IL-6 in different time were studied and compared. The adverse cardiovascular events and other indicators were studied and compared.Results:At t 2 to t 6, there were significant difference among the three groups in HR, A group: (104.62 ± 10.58), (128.73 ± 13.29), (127.59 ± 13.53), (125.62 ± 12.60) and (118.49 ± 11.62) times/min, B group: (100.27 ± 10.11), (119.33 ± 12.62), (116.57 ± 11.40), (113.57 ± 11.94) and (113.37 ± 11.46) times/min, C group: (87.92 ± 8.87), (98.62 ± 9.69), (94.42 ± 9.38), (88.72 ± 8.62) and (89.36 ± 9.17) times/min; SBP, A group: (79.54 ± 7.59), (102.75 ± 10.62), (90.62 ± 9.52), (85.19 ± 8.62) and (83.98 ± 8.62) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), B group: (76.74 ± 7.28), (90.45 ± 9.57), (87.38 ± 8.51), (84.72 ± 8.50) and (83.77 ± 8.58) mmHg, C group: (70.62 ± 7.27), (75.62 ± 7.83), (72.69 ± 7.80), (71.28 ± 7.43) and (71.39 ±7.16) mmHg, P<0.05. At t 2 to t 4, there were significant differences among the three groups in BIS, A group: 48.64 ± 5.03, 53.58 ± 5.71 and 59.61 ± 5.87, B group: 48.79 ± 5.12, 50.23 ± 5.24 and 57.75 ± 5.66, C group: 43.59 ± 4.62, 50.31 ± 5.34, 55.26 ± 5.53, P<0.05. At T 2 to T 6, there was a significant difference among the three groups in IL-6, A group: (0.41 ± 0.06), (0.49 ± 0.11), (0.53 ± 0.13), (0.82 ± 0.17) and (0.61 ± 0.15) μg/L, B group: (0.38 ± 0.05), (0.42 ± 0.08), (0.46 ± 0.09), (0.75 ± 0.14) and (0.53 ± 0.12) μg/L, C group: (0.35 ± 0.05), (0.40 ± 0.06), (0.43 ± 0.07), (0.72 ± 0.12) and (0.51 ± 0.11) μg/L, P<0.05. Compared with that in A group and C group, HR, SBP and BIS in B group had relatively low volatility. At T 2 to T 6, IL-6 level in A group was significantly higher than that in B group and C group, and there was a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in A group and C group was significantly higher than that in B group, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:1.0 μg/kg sufentanil can have less effect on hemodynamics and IL-6 in children with VSDR with less adverse cardiovascular events and other indicators.

Determination of caffeine content in Ginkgo Folium by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

In this experiment, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was established for the determination of caffeine in commercially available Ginkgo Folium. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic method with methanol, and separated on Waters CORTECS T3 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm), with mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution for gradient elution, at flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1); column temperature of 30 ℃, and injection volume of 2 μL. Mass spectrometry was conducted at ESI~+ multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode; quantitative analysis was conducted with external standard method. The results showed that in the range of 0.099 6-9.96 ng·mL~(-1), there was a good linear relationship between the mass concentration of caffeine and the peak area, R~2=0.999; the average recovery was 84.51%, with RSD of 6.2%. The results of precision, repeatability and stability showed that the RSD was 5.1%, 5.9%, 7.2%, respectively. The content range of caffeine in 10 batches of Ginkgo Folium was 1.52-60.86 μg·kg~(-1). In conclusion, this method is accurate, reliable and reproducible, which provides a reference for the safety study of Ginkgo Folium.

Application analysis of a modified retroauricular hairline incision in the resection of a benign parotid gland tumor / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to evaluate the application value of a modified retroauricular hairline incision and a sternocleidomastoid flap with an inferior pedicle in the resection of benign parotid gland tumors.@*METHODS@#Forty-eight patients with benign parotid gland tumors were retrospectively analyzed: 19 cases were included in the experimental group with an improved retroauricular hairline incision and a sternocleidomastoid flap with an inferior pedicle, and 29 cases were assigned in the control group with a modified facelift incision. Operation time, postoperative drainage, postoperative esthetic degree, and incidence of facial nerve paralysis, salivary fistula, and Frey's syndrome were compared.@*RESULTS@#After the esthetic procedure, the average score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the esthetic effect of the former was better than that of the latter (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The modified retroauricular hairline incision and sternocleidomastoid flap with an inferior pedicle can be applied to resect benign parotid gland tumors safely. It shows a better cosmetic effect and does not cause obvious postoperative complications. Therefore, it should be promoted for tumor treatments.

Effect of abdominal penetrating moxibustion on function of core muscle group in stroke patients based on surface electromyography / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of abdominal penetrating moxibustion on strength and endurance of core muscle group in patients with stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty-two patients with stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with routine basic treatment, acupuncture treatment and rehabilitation training; based on the treatment of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with abdominal penetrating moxibustion, approximately 50 min each time, once a day. The treatments in the two groups were given 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of bilateral transverse abdominis and multifidus of performing sitting-standing and making steps were measured by surface electromyography before and after treatment. The postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), Berg balance scale (BBS) and lower-limb Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) scores were observed before treatment, 2 weeks into treatment and 4 weeks into treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, when performing different postures, the RMS and MF of bilateral transversus abdominis and multifidus in the two groups were increased after treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#The abdominal penetrating moxibustion could effectively improve the strength and endurance of core muscle group, improve the posture control, balance ability and lower-limb motor function in patients with stroke.

Effect of different melatonin treatment regimens on white matter damage in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of different melatonin treatment regimens on long-term behavior and white matter damage in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and to seek an optimal melatonin treatment regimen.@*METHODS@#Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7 days, were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation, HIBD, single-dose immediate treatment (SDIT), and 7-day continuous treatment (7DCT), with 8 rats in each group. A neonatal rat model of HIBD was prepared according to the classical Rice-Vannucci method. On day 21 after HIBD, the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities. On day 70 after HIBD, immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal CA1 region of neonatal rats, and double-label immunofluorescence was used to measure the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament 200 (NF200) in the corpus striatum and the corpus callosum.@*RESULTS@#The results of the Morris water maze test showed that the SDIT and 7DCT groups had a significantly shorter mean escape latency than the HIBD group, and the 7DCT group had a significantly shorter mean escape latency than the SDIT group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both SDIT and 7DCT can improve long-term behavior and reduce white matter damage in neonatal rats with HIBD, and 7DCT is more effective than SDIT.

Effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid on intestinal barrier function in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid on intestinal barrier functions in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome and primarily explore the mechanism. The rat model of dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome was established, and then the modeled rats were randomly divided into the model control group, Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid high and low dose groups, and natural recovery group according to gender and body weight, with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 rats were taken as blank control group. After each group received the corresponding treatment for 7 days, rat serum was isolated. D-lactic acid content was detected by the MTT method, and diamine oxidase(DAO) activity was detected by the rate method. Colon tissues of the rats were isolated to detect Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase activity by phosphate determination method, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was detected by spectrophotometry, catalase(CAT) activity was detected by ammonium molybdate, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was detected by hydroxylamine, the expression of occludin protein and ZO-1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of occludin protein and ZO-1 protein were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:: showed that low dose Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid could improve the body weight, diet, stool and urine state of rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome obviously. The D-lactic acid content and the DAO activity in the serum of rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome were reduced obviously. The activities of Na~+-K~+-ATPase, Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD in rat colon tissues were increased obviously. The occludin proteins and ZO-1 protein expression levels in rat colon tissues were raised obviously. The differences in the above indexes between Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid group and the model control group were statistically significant(P<0.05). Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid could effectively restore the intestinal barrier function in rats with dampness obstructing spleen-stomach syndrome and its mechanism may be related to the repair of intestinal mechanical barrier function.

Visual analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies based on bibliometrics / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures.

Effects of different melatonin treatment regimens on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of different melatonin treatment regimens on the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and long-term histopathology in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and to identify better melatonin treatment regimens.@*METHODS@#A total of 96 Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into normal control, HIBD, single-dose immediate melatonin treatment (SDIT), and 7-day continuous melatonin treatment (7DCT) groups, with 24 rats in each group. The rat model of HIBD was prepared by isolation and electrocoagulation of the right common carotid artery as well as hypoxic treatment in a hypoxic chamber (oxygen concentration 8.00% ± 0.01%) for 2 hours. On day 7 after modeling, proliferating cell nuclear antigen/Nestin double-labeling immunofluorescence was used to measure the proliferation of endogenous NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region in 8 rats in each group, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of Nestin in brain. On day 28 after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the changes in the histopathology and the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in 8 rats in each group.@*RESULTS@#Immunofluorescent staining showed that compared with the HIBD group, the SDIT and 7DCT groups had a significant increase in the number of PCNA+Nestin+DAPI+ cells, and the 7DCT group had a significantly higher number than the SDIT group (P<0.01). Western blot showed that the SDIT and 7DCT groups had significantly higher protein expression of Nestin than the HIBD group, and the 7DCT group had significantly higher expression than the SDIT group (P<0.05). HE staining showed that the SDIT and 7DCT groups had alleviated cell injury, and Nissl staining showed that compared with the HIBD group, the SDIT and 7DCT groups had a significant increase in the number of pyramidal cells, and the 7DCT group had a significantly higher number than the SDIT group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both single-dose immediate melatonin treatment and 7-day continuous melatonin treatment can promote the proliferation of endogenous NSCs and alleviate long-term histological injury in the brain of neonatal rats with HIBD. A 7-day continuous melatonin treatment has a better effect than single-dose immediate melatonin treatment.

Effect of lead pollution on anticoagulant effect of Whitmania pigra based on in vitro anticoagulation experiment / 中国中药杂志

Leech has a good anticoagulant activity and is one of the raw materials for treatment of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study was based on in vitro anticoagulant experiments( APTT and PT) to investigate the effects of lead contamination on the anticoagulant effect of leech. At present,the Hirudo circulating in the market are dominated by Whitmania pigra,therefore Wh. pigra were cultivated under a different lead pollution for 50 days. Then,the effects of Wh. pigra extract,extracting from different cultivating environment,on activated partial thrombin time( APTT) and prothrombin time( PT) were determined by automatic coagulation instrument. The results showed that the Wh. pigra extract significantly prolonged the APTT compared with the saline group.The APTT of the lead-high residual Wh. pigra was shorter than that of the blank Wh. pigra. The Wh. pigra extracts from different treatment groups had little effect on PT. The results showed that the lead residue in the Wh. pigra increased with the increase of lead in the cultured soil,the lead residual of the Pb-H group was( 10. 66±2. 79) mg·kg~(-1),which exceeded the lead limit specified in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The results indicated that growth environment pollution is one of the important factors causing excessive lead in Wh. pigra. Lead pollution will reduce the anticoagulant effect of Wh. pigra and affect its clinical efficacy.

Diversity of fungi on surface of Pheretima / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese medicines( TCMs) are easily contaminated by fungi during planting,harvesting,processing,transportation and storage. The 2015 version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates the detection of aflatoxin in Dilong. After reviewing the literature,it has been found that there are no domestic and foreign scholars who have studied the surface fungi of Dilong. Pheretima,known as Dilong in China,is a commonly used TCMs in animal. In this experiment,8 batches of Dilong were collected from retail pharmacies in Beijing. The fungi on the surface of Dilong were cultured by traditional plate method and the single strain was obtained by the top purification method. The fungal colony morphology,microstructure characteristics and DNA barcode were used to isolate and identify the fungi. At the same time,based on Illumina Hi Seq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform,the diversity of fungi on the surface of Dilong was analyzed. The results showed that 287 strains of 9 species of fungi were isolated and identified by plate method. Combined with 3 kinds of identification method,eight of nine fungi could be identified,respectively,Aspergillus niger,Penicillium,Alternaria nees,A. flavus,and Penicillium oxalicum,Humicola sp.,Talaromyces purpurogenus and A. insuetus,1 kind of fungi was not identified yet. Among them,Penicillium and Aspergillus were the dominant genus. The results of high-throughput sequencing belonged to 2 boundaries,6 gates,19 classes,44 orders,98 families,127 genus and 121 species in different classification levels. Wallemia,Aspergillus and Cordyceps were the dominant genus,and the relative abundances are 63. 33%,15. 28%,and 10. 28%,respectively. Through the diversity study on the surface fungi of Dilong in Beijing retail pharmacies,it can provide a reference for its safe storage and clinical use.

Glycoside constituents from Bletilla striata / 中草药

Objective: To study the glycoside chemical constituents of Bletilla striata grown in Guizhou Province. Methods: The glycoside chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, MCI, gel column chromatography, medium pressure preparation, highperformance liquid chromatography and other modern separation methods. The structures were identified based on the spectral data. Results: Thirteen glycosides were isolated from the 95% ethanol extracts: 1-methyl-3-phenylpropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 1-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyl oxybenzyl) 4-ethyl (2R)-2-isobutylmalate (2), 3’,5- dimethoxy-bibenzyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), syringaresinol mono-β-D-glucoside (4), 4-O-(6’-O-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-4- hydroxybenzyl alcohol (5), (4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 4-methylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), benzyl-β-D- glucopyranoside (8), phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 4-[(acetyloxy) methyl] phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), batatasin III-3-O- glucoside (11), gastrodin (12) and 4-(4-β-D-glucopyranosyl-oxybenzyl)-(2R)-2-isobutylmalate (13). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product. Compounds 3-6 are isolated from this plant for the first time; Compounds 2, 7-13 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Relationship between OGTT blood glucose levels and early kidney damage in patients with essential hypertension / 医学研究生学报

Objective More and more research shows microangiopathy may occur in the early stage of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between OGTT 1-hour hyperglycemia (1hPG) and 2-hour hyperglycemia (2hPG) levels and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR).Methods We retrospectively analyzed 408 patients with primary hypertension of grade 2 or above who were eligible for 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) outpatient and inpatient visits from September 2015 to April 2018 in our hospital for a course of up to 10 years. All selected participants underwent an OGTT test (1 and 2 hour post-sugar glucose) and records were made on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), OGTT1-hour blood glucose (1 hPG), OGTT 2-hour blood glucose (2 hPG). All the patients were divided into 4 groups according to blood glucose levels: NGT group (n=100), 1 h PG group(n=102), 2h PG group(n=104), 1h PG/2h PG group (n=102). Records were made on the clinical data of 408 patients, including height, weight, BMI, gender, age, history of hypertension, smoking history, blood pressure, blood lipids, creatinine and other general clinical data, and the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values was based on creatinine values and age values to analyze the relationship between 1 hHPG and 2 hHPG levels with ACR.Results No significant difference was found among the four groups in the aspects of hypertension course, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure, lipid metabolism index and fasting blood glucose(P>0.05). There were significant difference in systolic blood pressure, serumcreatinine, eGFR, and ACR among different levels of increased blood glucose(P<0.05). ACR in 1h PG group, 2h PG group and 1h PG/2h PG group were significantly higher than NGT group(P<0.01), ACR in 1h HPG/2hHPG was significantly higher than 1h PG group(P<0.05) and ACR in 1h PG group was significantly higher than 2h HPG group(P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that 1h PG(OR=2.461, 95%CI:1.947-3.112), creatinine (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.027-1.117) and 2h PG(OR=2.016, 95%CI:1.500-2.710) were risk factors for microalbuminuria(P<0.01).Conclusion The abnormalities of 1h PG and 2h PG are associated with ACR, which may become the key index for predicting early kidney damage.

Protective Effects of Chaihu Shugan San () on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats with Insulin Resistance / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effects of Chinese medicine formulation Chaihu Shugan San (, CHSGS) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats with insulin resistance (IR) and its molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, Dongbao Gantai group (, DBGT, 0.09 g methionine/kg), CHSGS high-dose group (CHSG-H, 12.6 g crude drug/kg), CHSGS medium-dose group (CHSG-M, 6.3 g crude drug/kg), and CHSGS low-dose group (CHSG-L, 3.15 g crude drug/kg). After establishing the NAFLD rat model and treatment for 8 weeks, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) contents in blood serum, and TC, TG contents in the hepatic homogenate were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and a homeostasis model assessment was applied to assess the status of IR, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion (HOMA-IS). The expression levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in liver tissue were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pathological changes of livers were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining of paraffin section.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, FBG, FINS, IRI, ISI, and the liver levels of TC and TG in CHSG-H, CHSG-M, CHSG-L groups showed significant declines (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the serum levels of HDL-C, HOMA-IS were significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the expression of leptin mRNA was dramatically decreased and the expression of adiponectin mRNA was increased in the hepatic tissue (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The fatty deposition of liver cells could also be alleviated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CHSGS could up-regulate the expression of adiponectin mRNA and down-regulate the expression of leptin mRNA on the liver, suggesting the CHSGS had positive therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats with IR.</p>

Data-mining characteristics of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovi-gilance of Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum herbs / 中国中药杂志

The common Aconitum herbs in clinical application mainly include Aconiti Radix(Chuanwu), Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix(Caowu) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia(Fuzi), all of which have toxicity. Therefore, the safety of using Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum herbs has become an hot topic in clinical controversy. Based on the data-mining methods, this study explored the characteristics and causes of adverse drug reactions/events (ADR/ADE) of the Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum, in order to provide pharmacovigilance and rational drug use suggestions for clinical application. The detailed ADR/ADE reports about the Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum herbs were retrieved in the domestic literature databases since 1984 to now. The information extraction and data-mining were conducted based on the platforms of Microsoft office Excel 2016, Clementine 12.0 and Cytoscape 3.3.0. Finally, 78 detailed ADR/ADE reports involving a total of 30 varieties were included. 92.31% ADR/ADE were surely or likely led by the Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum, mostly involving multiple system/organ damages with good prognosis, and even 1 case of death. The incidence of included ADRs/ADEs was associated with various factors such as the patient idiosyncratic, drug toxicity, as well as clinical medication. The patient age was most closely related to ADR/ADEs, and those aged from 60 to 69 were more easily suffered from the ADRs/ADEs of Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum. The probability of ADR/ADEs for the drugs including Chuanwu or Caowu was greater than that of Fuzi, and the using beyond the instructions dose was the most important potential safety hazard in the clinical medication process. For the regular and characteristics of ADR/ADEs led by Chinese patent drugs including Aconitum, special attention shall be paid to the elder patients or with the patients with allergies; strictly control the dosage and course of treatment, strengthen the safety medication education to public, and avoid misuse or abuse to ensure rational drug use.

Effect of fibroblasts in breast cancer microenvironment on expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 of breast cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of fibroblasts in breast cancer microenvironment on the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells and their effect on breast cancer growth.Methods: In vitro experiments,the co-cultured model of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with human fibroblast line CCC-ESF-1 was established.The effect of fibroblasts on the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells was tested with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot.Annexin V flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay were employed to detect the apoptosis of breast cancer cells.In vivo experiments,human breast cancer transplanted tumor model in nude mice was established and the tumor volume of nude mice was meas-ured.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TIGAR and Bcl-2 expression in the transplanted tumor tissues of nude mice.Results:The results showed that the co-cultured fibroblasts could up-regulate the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibited the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.The fibroblasts implanted with breast cancer cells could up-regulate TIGAR and Bcl-2 expression in breast cancer tissues of tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo,whereas highly expressed TIGAR and Bcl-2 accelerated the tumor growth of tumor-bearing nude mice.Conclusion:The fibroblasts in breast cancer microenvironment up-regulate the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells co-cultured with fibroblasts.Highly expressed TIGAR and Bcl-2 inhibit the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and promote the growth of breast cancer.