Comparison on volatile components between Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium based on GC-MS and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Argyi Folium is commonly used in clinical practice. Artemisiae Verlotori Folium, the dried leaves of Artemisia verlotorum, is often used as a folk substitute for Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Lingnan area. In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to detect the volatile oil components of 27 samples of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and 13 samples of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, and the volatile components were compared between the two species. The internal standard method was combined with multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM) to determine the content of six major volatile components. Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were carried out for the content data. The results showed that the Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples had higher content and more abundant volatile oils than the Artemisiae Verlotori Folium samples. Artemisiae Argyi Folium mainly had the components with lower boiling points, while Artemisiae Verlotori Folium mainly had the components with higher boiling points. Terpenoids were the main volatile components in Artemisiae Verlotori Folium(mainly sesquiterpenoids) and Artemisiae Argyi Folium(monoterpenoids). In addition, Artemisiae Argyi Folium had higher content of oxygen-containing derivatives than Artemisiae Verlotori Folium. Furthermore, the stoichiometric analysis showed that the two species could be distinguished by both HCA and OPLS-DA, indicating that the volatile components of the two were significantly different. This study can provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and data support for the local rational application of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium in Lingnan.

Pharmacological research progress of five classical prescriptions in treatment of chronic heart failure / 中国中药杂志

Chronic heart failure(CHF) is a comprehensive clinical syndrome caused by multiple factors that result in structural and/or functional abnormalities of the heart, leading to impaired ventricular contraction and/or relaxation functions. This medical condition represents the final stage of various cardiovascular diseases. In the treatment of CHF, multiple clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of using traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) to control oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, thereby delaying ventricular remodeling and reducing myocardial fibrosis. In this study, common TCM syndromes in the diagnosis and treatment of CHF in recent years were reviewed and summarized. Five common treatment methods including benefiting Qi and activating blood circulation, enhancing Qi and nourishing Yin, warming Yang for diuresis, eliminating phlegm and dampness, rescuing from collapse by restoring Yang, and corresponding classic prescriptions in prevention and treatment of CHF were concluded under the guidance of TCM syndrome differentiation thinking. Meanwhile, research progress on the modern pharmacological effects of these classic prescriptions was systematically discussed, so as to establish a unique treatment system for CHF by classic prescriptions under the guidance of TCM syndrome differentiation theory and provide innovative diagnosis and treatment strategies for clinical CHF.

Textual research on Bungarus Parvus / 中国中药杂志

Bungarus Parvus, a precious animal Chinese medicinal material used in clinical practice, is believed to be first recorded in Ying Pian Xin Can published in 1936. This study was carried out to analyze the names, geographical distribution, morphological characteristics, ecological habits, poisonousness, and medicinal parts by consulting ancient Chinese medical books and local chronicles, Chinese Pharmacopeia, different processing standards of trditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces, and modern literatures. The results showed that the earliest medicinal record of Bungarus Parvus was traced to 1894. In 1930, this medicinal material was used in the formulation of Annao Pills. The original animal, Bungarus multicinctus, was recorded by the name of "Bojijia" in 1521. The morphological characteristics, ecological habits, and poisonousness of the original animal are the same in ancient and modern records. The geographical distribution is similar between the ancient records and modern documents such as China Medicinal Animal Fauna. The dried body of young B. multicinctus is used as Bungarus Parvus, which lack detailed references. As a matter of fact, it is still inconclusive whether there are differences between young snakes and adult snakes in terms of active ingredients, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications. This study clarified the medicinal history and present situation of Bungarus Parvus. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that systematic comparison on young and adult B. multicinctus should be carried out to provide references for revising the medicinal parts of B. multicinctus.

Advances in animal models of chronic heart failure and its applications in traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Chronic heart failure(CHF) is a series of clinical syndromes in which various heart diseases progress to their end stage. Its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year, which seriously threatens people's life and health. The diseases causing CHF are complex and varied, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy and so on. It is of great significance to establish animal models of CHF according to different etiologies to explore the pathogenesis of CHF and develop drugs to prevent and treat CHF induced by different diseases. Therefore, based on the classification of the etiology of CHF, this paper summarizes the animal models of CHF widely used in recent 10 years, and the application of these animal models in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) research, in order to provide ideas and strategies for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of CHF, and provide ideas for TCM modernization research.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of ROR1 antigen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To detect the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) antigen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and evaluate its diagnostic value and explore its correlation with the abnormalities of genetics and molecular biology.Methods:All of 209 newly diagnosed B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B-CLPD) patients who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provincial People′s Hospital) from November 2020 to November 2021 were collected retrospectively, including 70 cases of CLL with typical phenotype, 16 cases of CLL with atypical phenotype, 14 cases of MCL, and 109 cases of other types of B-CLPD. Multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the expression levels of ROR1 in tumor cells of 209 patients. And then the diagnostic value of ROR1 in CLL patients and its correlation with the genetic and molecular biological abnormalities were analyzed by c2 test and fourfold table assessment.Results:The positive expression rate of ROR1 in CLL patients was significantly higher than that in non-CLL patients (78%>11%, P<0.001); there was no significant difference of ROR1 expression between typical phenotype CLL and atypical phenotype CLL (81%>63%, P>0.05). The positive expression rate of ROR1 in atypical phenotype CLL was significantly higher than that in MCL (63%>21%, P<0.05). Additionally, there was significant difference in detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities between ROR1 +CLL group and ROR1 -CLL group. The detection rate of complex karyotype in ROR1 +CLL group was higher than that in ROR1 -CLL group (34%>14%, P<0.05). The CLL patients over 60 years old had higher ROR1 positive rate ( P<0.05). Conclusions:ROR1 can be helpful in the diagnosis of CLL, especially in the differential diagnosis of atypical phenotype CLL, MCL and other types of B-CLPD. Patients with ROR1 positive expression were older and more likely to detect complex chromosomal karyotypes.

A new method of microglia sorting and functional characteristics of spinal microglia in aged rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

Objective: To establish an improved method of separating microglia from aged rats and to observe the biological characteristics of spinal microglia of aged rats. Methods: Young SD rats (2 months) were used as control group. Single cell suspension of rat microglia were prepared by trypsin, trypsin substitutes or mechanical net rubbing method. Then, by assessing the purity and survival rate of cells, and observing the morphological characteristics and analyzing the inflammatory functional characteristics, we optimized the isolation and purification method of microglia from aged rats (20 months old) , and observed the functional characteristics of spinal microglia in aged rats. Results: The survival rate of cells digested by pancreatic enzyme was low(young rats 83%, aged rats 60%). Although the survival rate of mechanical net rubbing method was higher than that of pancreatic enzyme digest methods (95%), the cell acquisition rate was lower(young rats(0.207±0.020)×106, aged rats(0.243±0.023)×106). Trypsin substitute dissociation combining density gradient centrifugation method was the best way to get abundant, active and higher survival microglia, and the purity reached more than 85%. We used this method to separate microglia from spinal cord of rats. Compared with the young rats, the spinal cord tissue of old rats was larger, the digestive fluid volume was higher, but the digestion time was shorter. Compared with the young rats, the aged rat spinal microglia had larger and rounder cell body, fewer and shorter protrusions, it tended to be activated morphologically, the level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β of microglia in aged rats was lower, and the level of antiinflammatory factor IL-10 was higher. Conclusion: The method of trypsin substitute dissociation combined with density gradient centrifugation was successfully established to isolate and purify microglia from spinal cord of rats, the spinal microglia of old rats showed anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Novel carbohydrate-triazole derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors / 中国天然药物

A series of novel pyrano[2, 3-d]trizaole compounds were synthesized and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated by in vitro enzyme assay. The experimental data demonstrated that compound 10f showed up to 10-fold higher inhibition (IC74.0 ± 1.3 μmol·L) than acarbose. The molecular docking revealed that compound 10f could bind to α-glucosidase via the hydrophobic, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding interactions. The results may benefit further structural modifications to find new and potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Acupuncture at acupoints along the meridians for primary insomnia: a multi-center randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect differences among different acupoint selection methods for primary insomnia.@*METHODS@#A total of 333 patients with primary insomnia were recruited from 3 study centers and randomly divided into a group A (111 cases, 7 cases dropped off), a group B (111 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a group C (111 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the group A were treated with acupuncture at Shenmen (HT 7) and Baihui (GV 20), the patients in the group B were treated with acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Baihui (GV 20), and the patients in the group C were treated with acupuncture at non-acupoint and Baihui (GV 20). All the treatment was given once a day, 30 min each time; 5 treatments were taken as a course and 5 courses of treatment were given. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) scores were evaluated before and after treatment as well as 4 weeks after treatment. The encephalofluctuograph technology (ET) was observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the PSQI scores after treatment and at follow-up were significantly decreased in three groups (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The acupuncture at acupoints along the meridians could improve the sleep quality in patients with primary insomnia, and the therapeutic effect of acupoint along the meridians is better than that of non-acupoint.

Effect of thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound on severe pneumonia and its influence on the changes of plasma PCT, hs CRP and sFTL-1 / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound in the treatment of severe pneumonia and its influence on the changes of plasma procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFTL-1).Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019, 118 patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the First People's Hospital of Jiande were randomly divided into observation group (59 cases) and control group (59 cases) according to random number table method.The control group was treated with piperacillin tazobactam compound, and the observation group was treated with thymosin α on the basis of the control group.The course of treatment in both two groups was 7 days.The therapeutic effect, APACHE Ⅱ score, blood gas analysis and changes of plasma PCT, hs-CRP and sFTL-1 were compared before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group (91.53%) was higher than that of the control group (74.58%) (χ 2=6.020, P<0.05). The APACHE Ⅱ score[(13.24±1.87)points] in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(18.95±2.12)points]( t=15.515, P<0.05). The PaO 2[(75.46±3.28)mmHg] and PaO 2/FiO 2 (258.49±13.08) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(67.83±3.54)mmHg and (225.41±16.57)mmHg] ( t=12.144, 12.036, all P<0.05). The plasma levels of PCT [(4.23±0.78)μg/L], hs-CRP[(17.32±3.25)mg/L] and sFTL-1[(324.15±26.41)ng/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(7.59±1.42)μg/L, (32.14±7.28)mg/L and (394.21±24.09)ng/L] ( t=15.930, 14.278, 15.054, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound can significantly reduce the levels of PCT, hs-CRP and sFTL-1 in patients with severe pneumonia.

Research progress of dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers in separation of natural products / 中国中药杂志

The dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers not only has such characteristics of normal imprinted polymers as rapid identification, easy preparation, stable structure and multiple reuse, but also can imprint the compounds in natural products that are not suitable as direct template. Therefore, it has drawn more and more attention in the field of the study of natural products. This paper summarizes the methods for the selection of dummy template molecules by investigating the relevant literatures in the past ten years, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of dummy template molecules in the practical application, and based on the types of natural products active ingredients, this paper is the first to review of the latest progress in extraction and separation of dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers. We believed that this paper could provide references for better applications of the dummy template molecularly imprinted polymers to extract and separate natural products.

Effects of Mirror Therapy on Lower-limb Motor, Balance and Walking after Stroke: A Meta-analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mirror therapy on lower-limb motor, balance and walking of stroke patients. Methods:Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) about mirror therapy for lower limb function after stroke were recalled in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Medline complete, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBMdisc. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software for eligible RCTs. Results:A total of twelve studies were retrieved, including 590 patients. Mirror therapy improved the scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (MD = 6.67, 95%CI 5.60 to 7.74; Z = 12.20, P < 0.001), Brunnstrom stages (MD = 0.55, 95%CI 0.28 to 0.82; Z = 3.98, P < 0.001), Berg Balance Scale (MD = 3.45, 95%CI 1.40 to 5.50; Z = 3.30, P = 0.001), mini-BESTest (MD = 1.49, 95%CI 0.65 to 2.33; Z = 3.48, P < 0.001), Brunnel Balance Assessment (MD = 0.66, 95%CI 0.10 to 1.22; Z = 2.32, P = 0.02). However, it was not significant for 10-meter Walking Test (MD = 0.03, 95%CI -0.04 to 0.11; Z = 0.88, P = 0.38) and Timed "Up and Go" Test (MD = -1.43, 95%CI-4.31 to 1.45; Z = 0.97, P = 0.33). Conclusion:Mirror therapy can improve lower extremity motor function after stroke significantly, and somehow for balance. Further research is needed to explore its effects on walking.

Effect of perioperative dexamethasone on nausea, vomiting and pain after total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of perioperative dexamethasone on nausea, vomiting and pain after unilateral total knee arthroplasty and to evaluate its safety.@*METHODS@#From February 2014 to June 2016, 100 patients with unilateral advanced osteoarthritis treated by total knee arthroplasty were divided into two groups: 50 patients in dexamethasone group including 27 males and 23 females, aged (72.30±7.02) years, were given intravenous drip of dexamethasone 10 mg before operation; 50 patients in saline group, including 26 males and 24 females, aged (71.30±6.08) years, were given the same amount of saline at the corresponding time. The VAS scores of pain at rest and at 45 degrees of knee flexion were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after operation. Vomiting, antiemetic drugs and opioids were recorded at 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h after operation. The side effects and complications were recorded.@*RESULTS@#All the 100 patients were followed up for an average of 14.5 months. VAS score of pain at rest in dexamethasone group was lower than that in saline group at 8, 24 and 48 h after operation (<0.05); VAS score of dexamethasone group at 45 degrees after knee flexion was lower than that of saline group at 8 and 48 h after operation(<0.05); VAS score of dexamethasone group at rest and 45 degrees after knee flexion was lower than that of saline group(<0.05). The dosage of opioids and total opioids in dexamethasone group was lower than that in saline group at 0 to 24 h, 24 to 48 h after operation (<0.05). The proportion of nausea and vomiting occurred at 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h after operation, and the proportion of antiemetic required at 0 to 24 h after operation had statistical significance between two groups(<0.05). The total antiemetic dosage of dexamethasone group was less than that of saline group(<0.05). As of the last follow-up, no complications such as infection, gastrointestinal ulcer and bleeding occurred in the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Preoperative systemic application of dexamethasone can effectively reduce pain and nausea and vomiting after TKA without increasing postoperative complications.

Molecular imprinting technology and its application in terpenoids / 中国中药杂志

Molecular imprinting technology is widely used in the separation and analysis of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and polyphenols, due to its high selectivity and specific recognition and so on. However, no much of attention has been paid to the terpenoids. This paper is aimed to not only review the effects of common synthetic elements such as functional monomers, cross-linking agents and porogens on the polymer properties, but also highlight the application of terpene molecular imprinting in solid phase extraction, sensor, membrane separation and chromatographic separation by means of statistical analysis of literature. Furthermore, the shortcomings and improvement directions are discussed.We believed that this paper could provide references for better applications of molecular imprinting techniques to the analysis of terpenoid compounds.

Progress in the Treatment of Acquired Hemophilia A / 昆明医科大学学报

Acquired hemophilia A is a deficiency disease caused by blood coagulation factor Ⅷ antibodies due to a variety of causes, The disease incidence rate is extremely low, but the mortality rate is high. This disease is often misdiagnosed,resulting in delays in treatment, so early diagnosis and timely treatment is crucial for reducing the mortality. The principle of treatment for the disease is mainly to control acute bleeding, eradicate inhibitor, and treat the primary disease,therefore, rational and personalized choices of treatment are also critical.

Effects of Acupuncture on 5-HT, NE and DA in Serum of Insomnia Rats / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture in acupoints at different meridians on 5-HT, DA, NE in the peripheral serum of insomnia rats; To explore the mechanism of action of acupuncture for the treatment of insomnia. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Baihui+Shenmen group, Baihui+Sanyinjiao group, and Baihui+non-acupoint group, with 12 rats in each group. Injection of PCPA suspension of rats was used to establish insomnia model. Each acupuncture group received corresponding acupoints, 30 min each time, for 7 days. The levels of 5-HT, DA and NE in serum were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the blank group, the levels of 5-HT, DA and NE in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the contents of DA and NE in the acupuncture groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the 5-HT in Baihui+Sanyinjiao group was significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). Among all acupuncture groups, overall efficacy of Baihui+Shenmen group was better than Baihui+Sanyinjiao group and Baihui+non-acupoint group. Conclusion Acupuncture can improve sleep structure in rats may be related to serum monoamine neurotransmitters. Acupuncture in acupoints at different meridians may be one of the influencing factors of acupoint compatibility effects.

Preparation and Formula Optimization of Diphenidol Hydrochloride Push-pull Osmotic Pump Tablets / 中国药师

Objective: To prepare diphenidol hydrochloride push-pull osmotic pump tablets and in-vestigate the influence of differ-ent factors on in-vitro drug release. Methods: The cumulative release of different formulas was detected. Using the cumulative release and similarity factor f2as the evaluation criterion, single factor experiment was applied to screen the core formula and coating process. Results: The drug release behavior was affected by the content of PEO in the drug containing layer, the content of NaCl and the weight gain of the coating layer. After the formula was optimized, the NaCl content in the drug containing layer was 10mg, the PEO-N10 con-tent was 15mg. In the push layer, the content of PEO-WSR303 was 60 mg, that of NaCl was 20 mg. The optimized coating liquid for-mula contained 1. 25 g·L-1PEG4000 and the coating weight gain was 7% of the core. The optimized formula fitted a zero-order equa-tion within 2-12h with the drug release equation of Q=6. 308t-2. 5037(r=0. 995 8). Conclusion: The preparation technology of di-phenidol hydrochloride push-pull osmotic pump tablets is stable, and the in-vitro drug release fits zero-order model.

Design and Application of Hospital Cloud Data Center / 医学信息学杂志

The paper takes the new generation of software-defined cloud data center of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University as an example to analyze situation and challenge of informatization in hospital,elaborates design idea and application effect of the data center from the aspects including basic architecture,self-service cloud service platform and seamless extension of mixed clouds,discusses issues that need attention.

Research progress for NT-proBNP application in heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Various cardiovascular diseases may lead to heart failure (HF), however, traditional indexes are affected by too many subjective factors so they cannot reflect HF severity objectively. Half-life period of N terminal pro Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is longer than brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which may benefit HF detection. The present article made a review on research progress for NT-proBNP application in HF.

Effect of Different Stimulating Strength of Electroacupuncture on Gastrointestinal Motility and RhoA/ROCK Signaling in Gastric Antral Smooth Muscle in Diabetic Gastroparesis Rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different strength of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on gastrointestinal motility and Ras homolog gene family member (RhoA)/Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) signaling in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) rats, so as to reveal the underlying mechanisms of EA for improving DGP. METHODS: Sixty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into blank control, DGP model, weak EA, medium EA, and strong EA groups (n＝12 rats in each). The DGP model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mmol/kg, 2%) and high-sugar and high-fat fodder feeding for 8 weeks. EA (0.12, 0.24, 0.36 mA, 20 Hz/100 Hz) was applied to "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and "Liangmen" (ST 21) for 20 min, once daily for 15 successive days. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly with blood glucose meter and blood glucose test paper. Fecal phenol red excretion method was used to display gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion function. The expression of RhoA protein in the gastric antral smooth muscle tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB), separately, and that of ROCK, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT 1) and phosphorylated (p)-MYPT 1 proteins in gastric antrum detected by WB. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate of the model group were significantly decreased (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture stimulation of ST 36-SP 6-ST 21 at 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 mA can promote the gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats, which may be associated with its effects in enhancing RhoA/ROCK signaling in the gastric antral smooth muscle at different degrees.

Effect of forced eye opening on non -invasive tear film break - up time by Keratograph 5M in healthy individuals / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the difference of non - invasive tearfilm break - up time (NIBUT) by Keratograph 5M beforeand after forced eye opening in healthy individuals.METHODS: Prospective case self - control study. Fortynormal volunteers (79 eyes ) were enrolled. Tear filmimages were captured, non-invasive first tear film breakuptime(NIBUTf ), non- invasive average tear film breakuptime (NIBUTav ) and dry eye level were measured byKeratograph 5M automatically before and after forced eyeopening in each subject. For the first time, we checkedthe left eye after the right eye, and the second timechecked the right eye after the left eye.RESULTS: The average of NIBUTf and NIBUTav were9 18士5. 52s, 11. 74 士5. 59s respectively and percentage ofevery level of dry eye were 43% , 37% , 20% respectivelybefore forced eye opening. The average of NIBUTf andNIBUTav were 8. 91士5. 54s, 11. 76士5. 58s and percentage ofdry eye at different levels were 35% , 48% , 16%respectively after forced eye opening. There was nosignificant difference on NIBUT and dry eye level byOculus keratograph 5M in normal subjects (t = 0. 37, P =0 72; t = -0. 038, P = 0. 97; Z = -0. 42, P = 0. 68).CONCLUSION: There is no influence on NIBUT and dryeye level by detected Keratograph 5M before and afterforced eye opening in healthy subjects.