Epidemiological study of incidence of systematic lupus erythematosus in Yinzhou, Ningbo, 2016-2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To characterize the incidence density of systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Yinzhou District of Ningbo from 2016 to 2021, and compare the age and gender specific differences. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the related data from 2015 to 2021 collected from the Health Information Platform of Yinzhou. Suspected SLE cases in local residents were identified by fuzzy matching of International Classification of Diseases 10th edition code "M32" or Chinese text "lupus". The classification criteria from Systemic Lupus International Collaboration Clinics-2012 and The European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology-2019 were used for case verification. SLE cases were identified with specific algorithm based on verification results, and new cases were identified with 1 year as the washout period. The incidence density and 95%CI were estimated by Poisson distribution. Results: From 2016 to 2021, a total of 1 551 921 permanent residents were registered in Yinzhou, in whom 51.52% were women. The M(Q1,Q3) age at enrollment was 40.38 (27.54, 53.54) years. The M(Q1,Q3) of follow-up person-years was 3.83 (0.41, 5.83) years. There were 451 new SLE cases, in which 352 were women (78.05%). The 6-year incidence density was 8.14/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 7.41/100 000 person-years-8.93/100 000 person-years) for the total population, 3.68/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 2.99/100 000 person-years-4.48/100 000 person-years) for men and 12.37/100 000 person-years (95%CI: 11.11/100 000 person-years- 13.73/100 000 person-years) for women. The incidence density in men appeared a small peak at 20-29 years old, and began to increase with age from 40 years old. The incidence density in women was highest in age group 20-29 years (16.57/100 000 person-years) and remained to be high until 30-79 years old. The incidence density of SLE in Yinzhou show no significant temporal trend from 2016 to 2021 (men: P=0.848; women: P=1.000). Conclusions: The incidence density of SLE in Yinzhou from 2016 to 2021 was similar to those of other areas in China. SLE has a high incidence in women, especially in the young and elderly, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of SLE in women.

Strengthening the Reporting of Pharmacogenetic Studies (STROPS) guideline / 中华流行病学杂志

Pharmacogenetic studies are designed to investigate the associations between genetic variation and treatment response for a particular drug in terms of both efficacy and adverse events and have high sample size requirements. To improve the quality of pharmacogenetic studies and facilitate the Meta-analyses to investigate statistically significant associations, Strengthening the Reporting of Pharmacogenetic Studies (STROPS) guideline was developed in 2020 based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association Studies (STREGA) statement. The objective of this article is to present a brief introduction to the STROPS guideline and an interpretation of the key points in some items with examples for the better understanding and application.

How to report adaptive design randomized trials-A interpretation of international reporting guideline ACE / 中华流行病学杂志

Concerns has been raised in improving the quality of adaptive design randomized trials reports. Based on the CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), The Adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) has developed items and reporting specifications for adaptive design trials. This paper presents a brief explanation of the extension and new items of ACE and introduces the applications of ACE checklist with examples.

Treating acutely ill patients at home: Data from Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Hospital-at-home programmes are well described in the literature but not in Asia. We describe a home-based inpatient substitutive care programme in Singapore, with clinical and patient-reported outcomes.@*METHODS@#We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a hospital-at-home programme from September 2020 to September 2021. Suitable patients, who otherwise required hospitalisation, were admitted to the programme. They were from inpatient wards, emergency department and community nursing teams in the western part of Singapore, where a multidisciplinary team provided hospital-level care at home. Electronic health record data were extracted from all patients admitted to the programme. Patient satisfaction surveys were conducted post-discharge.@*RESULTS@#A total of 108 patients enrolled. Mean age was 67.9 (standard deviation 16.7) years, and 46% were male. The main diagnoses were skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (29%) and fluid overload (18%). Median length of stay was 4 (interquartile range 3-7) days. Seven patients were escalated back to the hospital, of whom 2 died after escalation. One patient died at home. There was 1 case of adverse drug reaction and 1 fall at home, and no cases of hospital-acquired infections. Patient satisfaction rates were high and 94% of contactable patients would choose to participate again.@*CONCLUSION@#Hospital-at-home programmes appear to be safe and feasible alternatives to inpatient care in Singapore. Further studies are warranted to compare clinical outcomes and cost to conventional inpatient care.

Effect of osteoclast-derived apoptotic body microRNA-30a on osteogenic activity / 解剖学报

Objective To explore that whether apoptotic bodies released by osteoclasts mediate osteogenic activity. Methods The osteoclasts were induced from mouse (n = 10) bone marrow monocytes in vitro, and were identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, F-actin, and DAPI double labeling immunofluorescence. The Co- culture system of osteoclasts and mouse osteoblasts MC-3T3E1 was established. The apoptosis of osteoclasts was analyzed by DNA fragment ELISA. Immunoblotting of apoptotic body markers was investigated. Real-time PCR analysis of bone formation markers was tested. MiRNA expression profiling of apoptotic body was identisfied. Results Alendronate (ALN) 100 μmol/L induced osteoclast apoptosis and caused apoptotic body release from osteoclasts. The expression of C3b and annexin V protein was enhanced by ALN; the expression of C3b in osteoclasts was negatively correlated with the activity of osteoblasts; the microarray screening of apoptotic body showed that miR-30a was correlated with bone formation markers and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Conclusion Osteoclast-derived apoptotic body miR-30a can inhibit the activity of osteoblasts. Apoptotic body may participate in the dialogue between osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Pathological Scar / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pathological scar is a kind of skin fibrotic disease caused by abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scar and keloid. Pathological scar may lead to aesthetic flaws, limb dysfunction and local discomfort in patients. Due to the complexity of the wound healing process, the formation of scar is affected by many factors. In addition to traditional surgical, laser, cryostatic and hormone injection methods for the treatment of pathological scar, there are new therapies, such as mesenchymal stem cell therapy, fat transplantation, interferon, and botulinum toxin. They are widely used in clinical practice, but with such problems as high prices and many side effect. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in treating pathological scar. In recent years, in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that TCM has effect IN reducing inflammation, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, regulating fibroblast activation and migration, inducing fibroblast apoptosis and autophagy, promoting the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and reducing angiogenesis in general. Besides, TCM has also a certain regulatory role in the signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and sonic hedgehog (Shh). There are still some contradictions in relevant studies, and specific mechanisms remain to be further improved. This paper summarizes the study content, findings and relevant mechanisms of different TCM based on in vivo and in vitro experiments, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of TCM in the prevention and treatment of pathological scar, and its prospects in clinical application, so as to provide basis and ideas for future scar studies.

Value of ABCD2 Score in Predicting Medium-and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke / 现代医院

Objective To discuss the value of ABCD2 score in predicting medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods 184 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to department of neurology from March 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the research object.According to the ABCD2 score points prior to admission, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 40 cases in the low risk group, 76 in the moderate group and 68 in the high risk group based on whether or to what extent he was able to do self care.The phone call reviews were made for the clinical symptoms of patients discharged from the hospital after six months..According to the modified Rankin scale classification standard, the patients discharged from the hospital after six months were divided into 2 groups: 126 cases in the self-care group and 56 cases in care-needing group.The groups were compared in terms of conditions.Results The self-care rate in the low risk group was 90.00%, the moderate group 77.63% and the high-risk group 45.59%.The care needing rates in the three groups was 5%, 19.74% and 48.53%, respectively.The care needing rate in the low risk group was obviously lower than that in the moderate-risk group and the high risk group (P<0.05).The care needing rate in the moderate risk group was obviously lower than that in the high risk group (P< 0.05).The self-care rates in the low risk group and the moderate group were higher than that in the high risk group (P<0.05).Conclusion The ABCD2 score has a higher predictive value for medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.

Application of time domain reflectometry for determination of wate content in Xiangsha Yangwei pills / 中国中药杂志

Xiangsha Yangwei pill was selected as a model drug in this research, and time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to determine the water content in the pill. The effects of five factors including the number of pill layers, pill packing density, atmospheric moisture, ambient temperature and the ratio of pill formula were investigated on water content. The results showed that the number of pill layers and ambient temperature had significant effects on water content of pills, while the pill packing density, atmospheric moisture and pill formula ratio had little effect on the determination of water content in pills. The reflection value was stable when 6 layers of pills were used. Under the condition of 25 ℃ and 45% relative humidity, the water content of pills ranged from 4.01% to 22.38%, showing good linear relationship between water content and reflection value, and the model equation was as follows: Y=0.279X－21.670 (R²=0.997 0). Verification experiment was used to explain the feasibility of this prediction model. The precision of the method complied with the methodology standard. It is concluded that TDR can be used in determination of water content in Xiangsha Yangwei pills. Additionally, TDR, as a new way to quickly and efficiently determine the water content, has a prospect application in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, especially for concentrated pill.

Clinical analysis of thoracoscopic surgery combined with intraoperative autologous blood transfusion in the treatment of traumatic hemothorax / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

From January 2013 to January 2015, 19 patients of traumatic hemothorax with hemorrhagic shock were treated in our department by thoracoscopic surgery combined with autologous blood transfusion. This study retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effect and shared our experience. The average amount of blood transfused back was 662.41 ml ± 269.15 ml. None of the patients developed transfusion reaction and were all discharged uneventfully. Thoracoscopic surgery combined with autologous blood trans- fusion is effective in the rescue of patients with progressive hemothorax and hemorrhagic shock. When corresponding indications are well managed, treatment for these patients is quicker, safer, and more effective.

Comparison of Medication Adherence and Treatment Persistence between New Oral Anticoagulant and Warfarin among Patients

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>This study aimed to compare medication adherence and treatment persistence of patients on warfarin versus rivaroxaban in Singapore. A secondary objective was to identify significant covariates influencing adherence.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>A retrospective cohort study was conducted where data from September 2009 to October 2014 was retrieved from the hospital electronic databases. Prescription records of rivaroxaban patients with 3 months or more of continuous prescription were extracted and compared against those of patients on warfarin. Primary outcome of adherence was determined based on the medication possession ratio (MPR), while treatment persistence was determined by outpatient clinic appointment gaps.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 94 rivaroxaban and 137 warfarin users were analysed by complete case analysis. The MPR of warfarin patients was lower than rivaroxaban patients by 10% (95% CI, 6.4% to 13.6%; P <0.0001). Also, there were more warfarin patients who had gaps in treatment persistence compared to those prescribed rivaroxaban (8.0% vs 1.1%; P = 0.03). Significant factors affecting medication adherence were age and duration of anticoagulant use. For every 10-year increase in age, MPR increased by 1.7% (95% CI, 0.7% to 2.8%). Similarly, for every year increase in duration of use, MPR increased by 1.8% (95% CI, 0.6% to 3.0%). Race, gender, concomitant medication and type of residence were not found to be significant covariates in the multivariable analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients on rivaroxaban are likely to be more adherent to their prescribed oral anticoagulant with increasing age and duration of treatment influencing adherence.</p>

Study on mechanism of inducing apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by DMC, a chalcone from buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the in-vitro inducing apoptosis mechanism of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells by 2',4'-di- hydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a chalcone compound from Cleistocalyx operculatus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Quantitative DNA fragmentation assay was carried out to detect the effect of DMC of different concentrations on SMMC-7721 cells, according to the method of Sellins and Cohen with some modifications. Telomerase activities of the cells were determined by PCR-ELISA methods. The expression quantity of c-myc and hTERT mRNA were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR The effect of DMC on expression levels of cmyc and hTERT protein were measured by western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The percentage of DNA fragmentation increased with notable concen- tration dependence, after treatment with DMC for 48 h. Compared with that of control group, the telomerase activity of the cells de- creased by (66.2 ± 2.1)% after 48 h treatment with 20 μmol x L(-1) DMC, the mRNA expression of c-myc and hTERT decreased by (67.3 ± 2.1)% and (64.4 ± 2.3)%, respectively, and the protein expression of c-myc and hTERT decreased by (69.6 ± 1.9)% and (71.3 ± 2.4)%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DMC can induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis and the apoptosis mechanism may be related to the decreased mRNA and protein expression of c-myc and hTERT.</p>

Chinese medicine single-walled carbon nanotube targeting compound for antitumor therapy: a feasible way? / 中国结合医学杂志

Malignant cancer is the leading cause of death in man, exceeding cerebrovascular disease and heart disease. More than half of the total mortality due to malignant cancer is from lung, liver, intestinal and gastric cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the effective treatments for cancer. However, the great majority of Western anticancer medicines have considerable side effects. Herbal medicines offer many more advantages than synthesized compounds because they are made from purely natural compounds and have less adverse effects. However, the single administration methods used as standard in herbal medicine, and deficient drug targeting, severely limit their anticancer activity. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as drug carriers. They have been modified to form Chinese anticancer medicine-SWNT compounds which can specifically target tumors, thereby significantly increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of these medicines. Water-soluble SWNTs have high stability. As a drug carrier, SWNTs functional modification of the anticancer medicine may improve the targeting and killing of tumor cells. SWNTs have been attached to the Chinese antitumor medicines paclitaxel and plumbagin and have achieved excellent therapeutic effects. Furthermore, choosing the best administration methods such as internal iliac arterial infusion, intravesical infusion and embedment of a hypodermic chemotherapeutic pump, may also improve the anticancer effects of Chinese medicine.

Short-term long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist accelerates longitudinal growth in female rats during puberty / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of the effect of short-term gonadotropin-re-leasing hormone agonist(GnRHa)on linear growth in female pubertal rats. Methods Forty 3-week-old female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each). One group was sacrificed as base-line control. Group OVX was operated for ovariectomy at the beginning of experiment. Group Gn and group E2 each received two intramuscu-lar injections of 2.5mg·kg-1 triptorelin 2 weeks apart, and group E2 received additional daily 1μg·kg-1·d-1estradiol(E2)s. c. at three days after the second GnRHa injection for 11 days. Group Ctrl was sham-operated ascontrol. Each rat, except for the base-line control group. received 30mg/kg oxytetracycline s. c. and 20mg/kgcalcein s. c. 9 and 2 days respectively before sacrifice. Hepatic GH receptor mRNA, insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I and IGF binding protein(IGFBP)-3, circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3, local IGF-I/IGF-I receptor(IGF-IR)and proliferation rate(PFR)in epiphyseal growth plate(EGP)were evaluated after 4-week treatment.Results Similar to group OVX, the rats in group Gn became taller and heavier than group Ctrl with greater tibial length, wider EGP, greater longitudinal growth rate(LGR)and higher PFR(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Estrogen supplement reversed the effect of GnRHa. There was no statistical difference among the 4 groups regarding plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3, hepatic IGF-I and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels, local IGF-I and IGF-I R levels in EGF. GnRHa down-regulated hepatic GHR mRNA expression, which was reversed by estrogen supplement. Conclusion GnRHa accelerates longitudinal growth of female pubertal rats. Estrogen deprivation contributes to GnRHa-induced alteration of linear growth in female rats, through improving PFR and suppressing the senescence of EGP. The underlying mechanism does not attribute to endocrine change of GH/IGF-I axis or local IGF-I/IGF-IR in EGP.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of two acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with dicentric (9; 20) (p11 - 13; q11) / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with dicentric (9; 20) (p11 - 13; q11).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromosome specimens of bone marrow cells were prepared by direct method and/or short-time culture. Karyo-typing was performed by R-banding technique. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using both chromosome 9 classical satellite probe and chromosome 20 alpha-satellite probe in one patient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two ALL patients were positive for CD10 and HLA-DR, showing of B cell origin. Both patients had dicentric (9; 20): case 1 was 45, XY, der (9) t (9; 20) (p11; q11), -20[20]; case 2 was 45, XX, der (9) t (9; 20) (p13; q11), t (9; 22) (q34; q11), -20[10]/46, idem, +8[16]/47, idem, +8, +21[14]. Mutual translocation between chromosomes 9 and 20 of the dicentric chromosome was confirmed by FISH in one patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dicentric (9; 20) (p11 - 13; q11) is a rare recurring chromosome abnormality associated with ALL. Because of the subtle nature of the translocation, FISH is essential for the detection of this abnormality.</p>

Alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC in NICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To discuss the feasibility of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC in NICU, and then low down the medical cost for patients when guarantee the safe of treatment. Methods Results Divided 40 premature infants and intensive care infants into control and experimental group randomly, there were 20 infants in each group. Alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins was used in the experimental group, the PICC was used in the control group. Compared the clinical effects and the medical costs in the 2 groups. Results The method of alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins could reach the satisfactory clinical effects with lower medical costs than PICC. Conclusion Using alternant indwelling trocar in bilateral axillary veins to replace the PICC is safe and feasible. [

Expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA in adipose cell of intrauterine growth retarded rats and its relation to insulin resistance / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between the expression of turnor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in fat tissue of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rats and insulin resistance, and the long-term effects of early different nutritional diet.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant rats. A total of 32 newborn IUGR rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: IUGR model (S/N) group, IUGR high caloric diet (A) group, IUGR high caloric and high protein diet (B) group, IUGR high protein diet (C) group. Only the mother rats were given those different diets individually, and all IUGR newborn pups were lactated for 3 weeks. From the beginning of the 4(th) week, all IUGR pups were weaned and fed with normal diet till the end of the experiment. Eight normal birth weight newborn rats were used as the control group fed with the normal diet. Weight, perirenal fat weight, fasting glucose and insulin concentration and quantified TNF-alpha mRNA expression in adipose cell were measured at the 48(th) week. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) and the relation index between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight, fat weight/body weight (fw/bw) ratio and ISI were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ISI of IUGR model group, IUGR A and B groups was lower than normal control group, while perirenal fat weight, fw/bw and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in adipose cells were all significantly higher (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in these indexes between IUGR C group and normal control groups (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight and fw/bw (r(1) = 0.755, r(2) = 0.782, P = 0.000). Significant inverse associations between ISI and TNF-alpha mRNA (r = -0.556, P = 0.000) and fw/bw (r = -0.513, P = 0.02) were also found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The occurrence of insulin resistance in IUGR rats is possibly associated with central obesity and accumulation of the abdominal fat and adipose cell over-expression of TNF-alpha. The adipose TNF-alpha may be an important pathogenic factor of insulin resistance of IUGR. High protein diet is a reasonable nutritional intervention. Because it promotes the skeleton muscle catch-up growth but not fat catch-up growth, it can avoid the occurrence of central obesity and insulin resistance in IUGR rats.</p>

Clinical and experimental study of two cases of myelodysplastic syndromes with double isochromosome 20q- anomaly / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of two myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with double isochromosome 20q- anomaly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow cell chromosome preparations were made with both direct method and short-term culture. Karyotype analysis was performed by R-banding technique, and dual-color FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) by using a 20q telomeric probe and a sequence-specific probe for 20q12.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The clinical and hematological findings were comparable with diagnosis of MDS. Karyotype analysis showed that both patients had double isochromosome 20q- anomaly: case 1 is 46, XX, der(20)? i(20q-) [6]/46, idem, der (6) i (6p) [1]/47, idem, +der (20)? i (20q-) [3]/47, idem, der(6)i (6p), +der(20)? i (20q-) [20]; case 2 is 45, XY, -7, der (20)? i (20q-) [17]/46, idem, +der(20) ? i(20q-) [3]. Two derivative chromosomes 20 were proved 20q isochromosomes with interstitial deletions by dual-color FISH in one patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Double isochromosome 20q- anomaly is a rare recurrent karyotype abnormality in MDS, and signals a poor prognosis.</p>

Effect of different early nutritional interventions on catch-up growth of rats with intrauterine growth retardation / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>About 20 - 50% individuals with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) could not achieve catch-up growth and remain small in size till adulthood. There are few reports on the relation between intestinal development and body catch-up growth of IUGR. Studies showed that early "nutritional programming" would results in long-term effects on the body growth and organic function, and gastrointestinal development is closely related to the body development as well. The authors aimed to study the effect of early nutritional interventions on serum IGF1, IGFBP3, intestinal development and catch-up growth of pups with IUGR by using diets with different protein and caloric levels during the first four weeks of life.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An IUGR rat model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy. Thirty-two IUGR female pups were divided randomly into 4 groups (8 pups in each group) and eight normal female pups as control. The groups and interventions were (1) Normal control group (C group); (2) IUGR control group (S group), (3) IUGR low-protein diet group (SL group); (4) IUGR high-protein diet group (SH group); (5) IUGR high-caloric group (SA group). The serum IGF1, IGFBP3, body weight, body length, and intestinal weight, length, intestinal villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), villi absorbing area (VSA), mucous thickness (MT) were measured at the 4(th) week of life.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) At the 4(th) week, the serum IGF1 (724.0 +/- 153.5 ng/ml), IGFBP3 (9.69 +/- 3.13 ng/ml), and VH (416.9 +/- 46.3 microm), VSA (115.9 +/- 24.0 x 10(3) microm(2)), MT (583.9 +/- 68.5 microm) in the SH group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (539.4 +/- 198.4 ng/ml, 4.77 +/- 2.98 ng/ml and 322.1 +/- 25.8 microm, 85.8 +/- 17.8 x 10(3) microm(2), 480.0 +/- 61.5 microm) and IUGR control group (P < 0.05). The intestinal weight (1.91 +/- 0.16 g) and length (80.67 +/- 9.47 cm) in the SH group was not significantly different from the normal control group (2.24 +/- 0.22 g and 74.77 +/- 9.06 cm, P > 0.05). The SH group showed the fastest catch-up growth. Their body weights (40.14 +/- 11.03 g) at the 3(rd) week and body lengths (23.61 +/- 0.49 cm) at the 4(th) week of life reached the normal ranges of the control group (44.65 +/- 5.36 g and 23.10 +/- 1.42 cm, P > 0.05). (2) The serum IGF1 (346.7 +/- 85.3 ng/ml), IGFBP3 (1.4 +/- 0.21 ng/ml), body weight (21.41 +/- 3.54 g) and body length (15.96 +/- 1.29 cm) and the most of intestinal indexes in the SL group were markedly lower than other groups at the 4(th) week of life (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The serum IGF1 was a sensitive marker to reflect the catch-up growth and nutritional status, and IGF1 was positively correlated with the intestinal development and body growth. When given different nutritional interventions during the first four weeks of life, high protein diet is more helpful for the IUGR catch-up growth by promoting the intestinal development and the absorption of nutrition.</p>

The effects of pregnancy malnutrition on the development of insulin resistance in rat offspring / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of pregnancy malnutrition on the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) in rat offspring during adult stage and to find out the relationship between TNF-alpha and IR; and to find out a reasonable early nutritional intervention measure for the prevention of IR, through giving different diets to offspring.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An IUGR model was built by maternal nutrition restriction. 80 newborn IUGR female pups were randomly divided into 4 groups, the mother rats were given the following diet respectively for 3 weeks after delivery, pups were fed by mother milk: (1) The IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) rat model was used and the animals were divided into: IUGR control group (group S/N) fed with normal diet, (2) IUGR high-caloric diet group (group A), (3) IUGR high-protein and high-caloric diet group (group B) and (4) IUGR high-protein isocaloric diet group (group C). Each group had 20 pups and another 20 normal female pups were fed with normal diet as the normal control group (group C/N). All pups were weaned at the 4th week of age and fed with normal diet till the end of the experiment. At the 12th week (adulthood) and 48th week (senility) of life, body weight and length, the fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, TNF-alpha of adipose tissue and body weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI), ISI (insulin sensitive index), IRI (insulin resistant index) and HBCI (beta cell insulin excretion index) and their correlation to TNF-alpha were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 12th week and 48th week of life, the insulin sensitivity of IUGR model group was significantly lower than group C/N, although there was no significant difference of body weight between these two groups. TNF-alpha was negatively correlated with ISI, positively correlated with IRI and no relation to HBCI. Group A and B was fatter and developed more severe IR. There were no significant differences in ISI, IRI, HBCI and TNF-alpha between group C and group C/N.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IUGR offspring of pregnancy malnutrition mother rats showed IR at the age of 12th week. TNF-alpha was closely related to the occurrence of IR in IUGR pups. IUGR pups fed with high caloric diet or high protein and caloric diet at the early postnatal period amplified the metabolic abnormality. The high protein isocaloric diet is effective early nutritional intervention measure for the prevention of occurrence of IR at adulthood.</p>

Cloning and function analysis of L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus sp. MD-1 / 生物工程学报

It was constructed that a genomic DNA library from Lactobacillus sp. MD-1 yielding D, L-lactic acid. The gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) was cloned from the genomic library of strain MD-1 by complementation in E. coli FMJ144 which was lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate-formate lyase double defective mutant. The nucleotide sequence of the ldhL gene predicted a protein of 316 amino acid starting with ATG. The putative molecular weight of the L-LDH amino acid sequence was 33.84kD. A putative typical promoter (-35 and -10 boxes) had been observed in the 5' noncoding region. An rho-independent transcriptional terminator has been observed in the 3' noncoding region. Three highly conserved regions (Gly13 approximately Asp50, Asp73 approximately Ileul00 and Asn123 approximately Arg154) with several conserved residues had been identified. Gly13 approximately Asp50 was NADH-binding site domain. Asp73 approximately Ileu100 and Asn123 approximately Arg154 were reported to be the active site domains. The ldhL and the L-LDH of Lactobacillus sp. MD-1 showed the low identity and similarity with other Lactobacilli, and the highest percentage were 61.9% and 68.9% respectively. All the above indicated this gene is a novel ldhL.