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Type II innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) is a newly identified innate immunological cell that belongs to the lymphocyte lineage in cell morphology, resides in the body's mucosal tissues, and has the dual functions of innate and adaptive immunity to promote tissue remodeling and repair after injury. Additionally, it is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of liver diseases and plays an important role in maintaining the immunological homeostasis of the liver region. This article reviews the differentiation, development, and biological functions of ILC2, with particular attention to the research progress in liver diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunity, Innate , Lymphocytes , Cell Differentiation , Liver DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective:To study the expression of IL-21/BCL-6/Blimp-1 in CE patients and discusse the mechanism of the pathogenesis of the echinococcosis.Methods:27 patients and 30 health persons were collected from the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang medical university in the same period.IL-21 was detected by ELISA and the expression of IL-21/BCL-6 /Blimp-1 mRNA was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in CE patients.At the same time,17 patients were followed up in the group of patients,and the expression of IL-21/BCL-6/Blimp-1 was detected before and after treatment.Results:(1) The results of PCR showed that the levels of IL-21/BCL-6 mRNA were significantly increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the CE patients compared with the healthy control group (P<0.05).The expression of IL-21/BCL-6 /Blimp-1 mRNA in patients before the treatment was higher than that of patients after treatment(P<0.05).(2)The level of IL-21 in peripheral blood of CE patients was sig-nificantly higher than that in the healthy control group and basically returned to normal after the cure (P<0.05).IL-21 was positively correlated with BCL-6(r=0.733, P<0.01).Conclusion:BCL-6 and Blimp-1 May promote the human immune system to resist parasitic infection in the course of the development of the disease.IL-21, BCL-6 and Blimp-1 are significantly reduced after effective treatment,indicating that these factors are involved in the immune mechanism of the development of the disease.
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Collecting different commodity grade Gardenia jasminoides of wild and cultivated varieties all over the country, obtaining color information from each batch of G. jasminoides by the standard D65 light source and image acquisition system, quantifing the gardenia plumpness information by the digital display vernier caliper, determinating 6 kinds of effective components of G. jasminoides by HPLC, classifing from ten indicators by two step clustering analysis and correspondence analysis method of statistics, clearing the importance of the traditional identification indexes, establishing multiple corresponding relation between the skin color and commercial specification of G. jasminoides,exploring the correlation of the skin color and chemical composition, to provide the reference for the reasonable division of commercial specifications and grades of G. jasminoides. Medicine is divided into two classes and has obvious distinguish meaning, The importance of the skin color is greater than the plumpness in traditional identification characteristics, it can accurately distinguish the specifications of G. jasminoides. We improve and rebuild the standard of commodity specifications and grades of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and establish the rapid evaluation method by the study, it provide a new way and idea for the comprehensive evaluation of G. jasminoides quality.
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Seven compounds(deacetylasperulasidic acid methyl ester, gardenoside, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, crocin-Ⅰ, crocin-Ⅱ, chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa)were determined simultaneously by multiple wavelength HPLC with diode array detector(DAD) in different parts of Gardenia jasminoides. The results showed that these components in different parts of G. jasminoides had a different distribution, and there was a large difference in content of each component. Geniposide was mainly distributed in fruits and leaves; chikusetsu saponin Ⅳa was mainly distributed in roots and stems; crocus glycosides existed mainly in fruits; chlorogenic acid had a higher distribution in leaves and stems; gardenoside had a higher distribution in leaves and roots, while ceacetylasperulasidic acid methyl ester had a higher distribution in roots and stems. Based on the analysis of the chemical composition and content difference in different parts of G. jasminoides, the basis for the comprehensive utilization and quality evaluation of resources of G. jasminoides was provided.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the safety and medication cycles of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) in the treatment of aggressive prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on prostate cancer clinical staging, we divided 178 patients with aggressive prostate cancer into groups A (T3-4N0M0), B (TXN1M0) and C (TXNXM1) to receive maximum androgen blockage for at least 6 months till the PSA level remained at < or = 0.2 microg/L for 3 months, followed by an off-period (without medication). The on-period was initiated when the PSA level was > 4 microg/L, and then stopped again when it was < or = 0.2 microg/L. We recorded and compared the patients' age, baseline PSA levels, Gleason scores, duration of on- and off-period, and time to tumor progression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline PSA levels of the 3 groups were (27.5 +/- 14.6), (43.4 +/- 21.8) and (62.8 +/- 44.6) microg/L, P < 0.01; the follow-ups averaged (38.4 +/- 9.6), (33.1 +/-14.0) and (28.3 +/- 14.3) months; and the times from medication initiation to tumor progression were (37.4 +/- 6.6), (27.4 +/- 10.2) and (16.6 +/- 4.4) months, respectively. Group A showed a longer off-period and more medication cycles than B and C (P < 0.01). Nineteen patients completed 5 cycles and 2 died of cardiovascular events in group A. PSA elevation and cancer progression occurred after 3 cycles at most in group C. Six died in group B, 1 of metastatic prostate cancer, and 36 died in group C, 21 of metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For local aggressive prostate cancer, IAD can effectively slow down tumor progression, reduce adverse events and improve patients' quality of life.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Androgen Antagonists , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the detection rates of prostate cancer (PCa) and complications of the transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided 24-core saturation scheme versus 14-core scheme for transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with total PSA < 20 microg/L.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed TRUS-guided 24-core saturation transperineal biopsy for 136 patients suspected of PCa (24-core group) and 14-core biopsy for another 116 (14-core group). We compared the PCa detection rates and post-biopsy complications, such as gross hematuria, urinary system infection, and acute urinary retention between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable with regard to the mean age, prostate volume and PSA level (P>0.05). The positive rates of PCa detection were 48.53% (66/136) in the 24-core group and 17.24% (20/116) in the 14-core group (P<0.001), and the positive rates of samples were 8.09% and 2.83%, respectively (P=0.012). The detection rate of PCa in the apex zone was significantly higher in the former (11.76%) than in the latter (1.72%) (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in such post-biopsy complications as gross hematuria, urinary system infection, and acute urinary retention between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TRUS-guided 24-core saturation transperineal biopsy of the prostate is superior to the 14-core scheme for its higher detection rate of PCa, particularly PCa in the apex zone, and lower incidence of complications in patients with PSA < 20 microg/L.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Methods , Mass Screening , Methods , Perineum , Prostatic Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , Pathology , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate and compare the effect and safety of Holmium laser and Thulium laser in transurethral enucleation of the prostate in BPH patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-eight BPH patients were divided into 2 groups and underwent transurethral enucleation of the prostate with holmium laser (Ho group) and thulium laser (Th group) respectively. Comparisons were made between the 2 groups in operation time, bleeding volume, electrolyte, IPSS score, PVR and Qmax.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No statistically significant differences were noted between the 2 groups in age and preoperative prostate volume, IPSS, PVR and Qmax (P > 0.05). The mean operation time was shorter in the Th group ([84.6 +/- 10.2] min) than in the Ho group ([70.5 +/- 7.5] min) (P = 0.032); blood loss was less in the former ([126.5 +/- 14.6] ml) than in the latter ([176.5 +/- 14.1] ml) (P = 0.071), with no blood transfusion necessitated; and the mean times of catheter indwelling were 2.4 d and 2.5 d respectively. There were no significant differences in the levels of hemoglobin and electrolyte before and after operation between the two groups, and no TURP syndrome was observed. IPSS, PVR and Qmax before operation were significantly different from those obtained 3 months after it (P < 0.05) in both the groups, but none of the indexes exhibited statistically significant differences when compared in the same period (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both holmium and thulium laser transurethral enucleation of the prostate can alleviate LUTS in BPH patients with similar short-time effectiveness. Thulium is superior to holmium laser in hemostasis, but inferior to it in anatomical distinctness.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Lasers, Solid-State , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatic Hyperplasia , General Surgery , Thulium , Therapeutic Uses , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the Chinese medicine Xuanju compound capsule combined with erogenous focus exercise on premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two patients with premature ejaculation were divided into a treatment group (n = 28) and a control group ( n = 24) , both treated by erogenous focus exercise and the former given Xuanju compound capsule in addition. After four weeks of treatment, comparisons were made of the sexual satisfaction between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cure rate and the rate of improvement of sexual satisfaction were 21.43% and 67. 86% respectively in the treatment group, significantly higher than in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Xuanju compound capsule combined with erogenous focus exercise is highly effective in the treatment of premature ejaculation, with few adverse effects.</p>