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Background and purpose: Gemcitabine (GEM) is a first-line chemotherapy drug for pancreatic cancer. With the emergence of clinical drug resistance, the efficacy of chemotherapy has been greatly reduced, while the expression of secretory clusterin (sCLU) was closely related to chemotherapy resistance in multiple tumors. This study aimed to explore the effects of secretory clusterin on oxidative damage in MIA PaCa-2 cells treated by GEM and preliminary mechanism of resistance to GEM. Methods: MIA PaCa-2 was exposed to GEM and sCLU intervened groups with different concentrations (0, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 and 10.0 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The intervened concentration of GEM was 5.4 μmol/L. The inhibition rates of cell proliferation were determined by CCK-8. Cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were measured by their corresponding assay kits respectively. Results: Compared with the negative control group (0 μg/mL), the inhibition rates of the GEM groups and sCLU intervened groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05) in a distinct dose-effect manner. At a low concentration of 0.63 μg/mL, the inhibition rates of the GEM groups were higher than those of the sCLU intervened groups, while the trend was reversed in high concentration range. Compared with the negative control group (0 μg/mL), the intracellular ROS levels, SOD and CAT activity of the GEM and sCLU intervened groups significantly increased (P＜0.05). ROS levels presented a distinct dose-effect relationship while the SOD and CAT activities increased first and then decreased along with the increase of GEM concentrations. The ROS levels of the GEM group were lower than those of the sCLU intervened group at the same dose (P＜0.05). The SOD activities of the GEM group were higher than those of the sCLU intervened group, while the CAT activities were opposite at the concentrations of 5.00 and 10.00 μg/mL (P＜0.05). Conclusion: GEM exposure can inhibit the growth of MIA PaCa-2 cells. After GEM exposure, the ROS levels, SOD and CAT activity of MIA PaCa-2 cells can be changed by sCLU intervention. GEM resistance could be regulated by sCLU through oxidative damage effect.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of dobutamine on hemodynamics,tissue perfusion and respiratory function in patients with ARDS caused by septic shock. METHODS:Totally 26 patients with ARDS caused by septic shock were given Dobu-tamine hydrochloride injection 5 μg/(kg·min) by continuous pump for 20 min ,increasing by 5 μg/(kg·min) every 20 min to 15μg/(kg·min)for 6 h. Mean artery pressure(MAP)maintained at about 65 mmHg during continuous pump. Hemodynamic index-es [HR,MAP,cardiac output(CO),stroke volume(SV),total end diastolic volume(GEDV),intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI),extravascular lung water index (ELWI),systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)],tissue perfusion indexes (norepi-nephrine,urine volume,blood oxygen saturation,blood lactate)and ventilator parameter indexes(positive breathing pressure,min-ute ventilation volume,respiratory rate,peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure)of all patients were recorded before medica-tion,6,24,48 h after medication. RESULTS:There were no statistical significances in HR,MAP,GEDV,ITBI,blood oxygen saturation,blood lactate and respiratory rate before and after treatment (P>0.05). CO,SV,urine volume and minute ventilation volume of all patients 6,24,48 h after medication were significantly higher than before medication,and those indexes increased gradually as medication time. ELWI,SVRI,positive breathing pressure,peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure of all pa-tients after medication were significantly lower than before medication,and those indexes decreased gradually as medication time, with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The early application of dobutamine ELWI,tis-sue perfusion and respiratory function in patients with ARDS caused by septic shock,and can keep hemodynamics stable.
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Objective To investigate the features and clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy for appendix mucocele. Methods The patients with mucocele of appendix who were diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy in three hospitals all underwent surgery from January 2008 to March 2015. Appendix mucocele in these patients was confirmed by postoperative pathology and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 22 patients with appendix mucocele were analyzed retrospectively. The average size of intralumen mucocele was 1. 84±1. 42 cm (0. 6-4. 5 cm) . The colonscopic finding of appendiceal mucocele showed submucosal protuberance at the appendiceal orifice with smooth surface. The appendiceal orifice was found at the edge of appendiceal mucocele. Endoscopic ultrasonogrphy showed low echo with smooth cyst wall in 8 patients, mixed equal echo and low echo in 14 cases. Appendicectomy was performed in 11 patients and resection of ileocecum in 11 others. Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy are valuable for diagnosis and treatment in appendiceal mucocele.
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OBJECTIVE: To approach the situation of azithromycin for injection-induced ADR in children and to provide reference for rational use of drug in the clinic. METHODS: Retrieved from CHKD of CNKI database, a total of 249 related literatures containing 220 literatures about clinical utilization and 29 individual case reports were collected and analyzed statistically in respects of geographical distribution, patients’ sex and age, types of disease, dosage and usage, organs and systems involved in ADR and clinical manifestations, onset time, etc. RESULTS: The literatures covered 34 provinces and municipalities. 9 661 cases in 167 related literatures involved 1 199 ADR cases with incidence of 12.41%. The main clinical manifestation represented lesion of skin and its appendants, digestive system and nervous system. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin for injection is safe for children. If for a long treatment, it is preferable to adopt the method of "Treated 3 d Withdrawal 4 d", and pay attention to monitoring the function changes of liver and kidney and hearing.