ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of virtual-simulation laparoscopic training system in the training of basic skills of endoscopic surgery in trainees with different clinical experience.Method:s Eight refresher physicians, eight residents who received standardized residency training, and eight undergraduate interns in five-year clinical medicine were selected. All of them received the training of endoscopic operations with the laparoscopic training box and the virtual-simulation laparoscopic training system for 30 minutes every day for 4 weeks. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 and t-test was adopted to compare the scores before and after training among the three groups.Result:s Before training, there were significant differences in endoscopic operations between the undergraduate intern group and the other two groups ( P<0.05); after 4 weeks of training, all three groups had significant increases in the scores and spent less time on training items ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in simple operations among the three groups ( P>0.05), and the undergraduate intern group had a significantly higher score of complex operations than did the standardized residency training group and the refresher physician group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The virtual-simulation laparoscopic training system can improve the laparoscopic skills of clinical trainees at different levels, therefore, it is worth being promoted in the teaching of clinical skills.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of transvaginal two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy (incision area pregnancy ) after cesarean section .Methods Thirty cases of cesarean incision pregnancy at lower section of uterine anterior wall diagnosed by transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound during 2015-2016 were retrospectively analyzed .On this basis ,all cases conducted transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound and were verified by magnetic resonance(MR) examination .Then the values of transvaginal two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of incision area preg-nancy were analyzed .Results One case was diagnosed as the incision site and partial implantation of pregnant capsule by transvagi-nal two-dimensional ultrasound ,and then diagnosed as the complete implantation of pregnant capsule at incision site ,the other types were consistent to the diagnosis by the three-dimensional ultrasound .The MR examination results were consistent to the those by three-dimensional ultrasound .The diagnosis typing coincidence rate had no statistical difference among the three methods ( P>0 .05) .Conclusion Transvaginal three-dimensional can more intuitively display the lesion′s position ,range ,incision involvement sit-uation ,while transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound has more plentiful diagnostic information .