ABSTRACT
@#This study measured the in vitro inhibitory effects of α-amylase(AM), α-glycosidase(AG)and aldose reductase(AR)extraction from Potentilla fruticosa in three solvents: water extract(WE)and 95% methanol extraction of petroleum ether part(MEP), 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part(MEE)and 95% methanol extraction of water part(MEW)through α-amylase inhibitors(AMI), α-glycosidase inhibitors(AGI)and aldose reductase inhibitors(ARI)activity screening models. In vivo effects of different solvents from Potentilla fruticosa on impaired glucose tolerance of mice were also measured. Among them, WE, MEP and MEE exhibited against AMI activity with IC50 values of 0. 432, 1. 193 and 0. 507 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against AGI activity with IC50 values of 0. 164, 0. 768 and 0. 466 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against ARI activity with IC50 values of 0. 742, 2. 158 and 1. 098 mg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on AM, AG and AR. Meanwhile, Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part can be significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose in mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of antiviral therapy on the progression of liver cirrhosis and related predictive factors through a retrospective analysis of patients with compensated hepatitis C cirrhosis.@*Methods@#The patients with compensated hepatitis C cirrhosis who were treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2015 were divided into sustained virologic response (SVR) group, non-SVR (NSVR) group, and untreated group. The baseline features of patients with or without liver cirrhosis were compared to identify the predictive factors for the progression of liver cirrhosis. The changes in platelet count, spleen sizes, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Child-Turotte-Pugh (CTP) score were analyzed, and the incidence rate of liver cancer was compared between groups. A one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-wallis H test, the two-independent-sample t test, the chi-square test, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis based on data type.@*Results@#A total of 89 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis were enrolled, among whom 42 received the antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin (30 were treated with pegylated interferon-α and 12 were treated with ordinary interferon) and 47 did not receive any antiviral therapy. Among the patients who received the antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin, 20 achieved SVR and 22 did not achieve SVR. Compared with baseline values, platelet count in the SVR group and the NSVR group was increased by (44.93 ± 32.66)×109/L and (9.73 ± 28.83)×109/L, respectively, and platelet count in the untreated group was reduced by (19.76 ± 54.5)×109/L; the three groups had a significant change in platelet count (F = 14.731, P < 0.001). Spleen size was reduced by 0.91 ± 1.09 cm in the SVR group and increased by 0.20±0.84 cm and 1.11 ± 1.69 cm in the NSVR group and the untreated group, respectively; the three groups had a significant change in spleen size (F = 14.943, P < 0.001). The three groups had no significant changes in MELD, SOFA, and CTP scores (P > 0.05). One patient (5.00%) in the SVR group, 5 (22.73%) in the NSVR group, and 6 (12.77%) in the untreated group progressed to liver cancer (χ 2 = 13.787, P = 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that SVR, HCV RNA, total bilirubin, and albumin were predictive factors for disease progression, and the multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SVR and total bilirubin were predictive factors for disease progression.@*Conclusion@#Interferon combined with ribavirin has a marked clinical effect in the treatment of compensated hepatitis C cirrhosis with good short- and long-term efficacy.
ABSTRACT
The enzyme-inhibitor model and the sugar tolerance mouse model were used to evaluate the relationship between the inhibition rate of enzyme activity and concentration of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. chinensis Rousi polysaccharide (HRP). The inhibitory patterns of enzyme and dose-dependent effects of HRP's effect on blood glucose using acarbose tablets as control were also examined. The mechanism underlying hypoglycemic effects of HRP was discussed. The results showed: in the enzyme-inhibitor model, the inhibitory activity of different concentrations of HRP (9.80, 19.60, 39.20, 78.40, 156.80 and 312.50 mg x L(-1)) on alpha-glucosaminidase (AG) inhibitory activity were 6.62%, 18.02%, 33.26%, 48.23%, 62.11%, 76.31%, 90.12%, IC50 was 31.59 mg x L(-1). The inhibitory rate of 25.00 x 10(3) mg x L(-1) acarbose tablets was only 64.87%, and IC50 was 10.75 x 10(3) mg x L(-1). In the sugar tolerance mouse model, different doses of HRP (240, 480, 960 mg x kg(-1)) tended to decrease levels of blood glucose compared with control group (acarbose tablets 375 mg x kg(-1)) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. It's further confirmed that HRP is a kind of competitive inhibitor of AG activity. Its inhibition rate increases with the increase of concentration in normal mice, and it subsequently improves the sugar tolerance showing the effect of reducing blood sugar.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder water extracts (CEW) on α-glucosidase activity (AG) and blood sugar in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibition of AG by CEW was studied with enzyme-inhibitor screening external model with acarbose as control drug. The normal mice were administrated by gavage with 40.0g*kg(-1), or 10.0 g*kg(-1) of CEW, 0.375 g*kg(-1) of acarbose, and 0.3ml of normal saline, respectively in successive 5 days; then the animals were loaded with 2.0 g*kg(-1) of glucose, 4.0 g*kg(-1) of sucrose, and 2.0 g*kg(-1) of starch and blood sugar levels were measured within 15, 30, 60, and 120min. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice, then 40.0 g*kg(-1), or 10.0 g*kg(-1) of CEW was given to diabetic mice in successive 2 weeks and 4 weeks, then the blood sugar levels were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the enzyme inhibition test, when the concentration of CEW was between 0.3125 g*L(-1)-10.00 g*L(-1), the inhibition rate was 55.42%-92.73% when the concentration of acarbose was 1.5625 g*L(-1)-25.00 g*L(-1), the inhibition rate was 9.28%-64.87%. In the sugar tolerance test, the blood sugar value in starch-loaded mice decreased sharply (P<0.01), followed by sucrose-loaded group (P<0.05), and there was no change in glucose-loaded group (P>0.05). In diabetic mice CEW-40 and CEW-10 groups showed significant blood sugar lowering effect (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CEW has stronger effect in inhibition of AG activity than acarbose. CEW can increase the sugar tolerance in normal mice and decrease the blood sugar level in diabetic mice..</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Drug Therapy , Enzyme Inhibitors , Pharmacology , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Xanthium , Chemistry , alpha-Glucosidases , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore an economical and practical storage method for angelica roots (Angelica sinensis). Various treatments were used in packaging and storing dry and fresh angelica roots.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The experiment was designed in single-factor completely random as compared with the traditional stack without package. The character, weight, extract contents and volatile oil were measured within the storage process.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>If stored for long-term use, the dried angelica roots should be packaged with vacuum-exhausted bags cleaned with water, which resulted in less loss in weight, higher extracts and volatile oil. However, if stored for fresh use, the fresh angelica roots should be packaged in vacuum-exhausted bags after cleaned with sorghum alcohol and stored under low temperatures if possible, which resulted in less loss in weight and longer fresh time. Considering volatile oil and extract contents, it is better to use the dried angelica roots for storage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>If stored for long-term use the dry angelica roots should be packaged with vacuum-exhausted bags cleaned with water, while for fresh use the fresh angelica roots should be packaged with vacuum-exhausted bags cleaned with sorghum alcohol and stored under low temperatures if possible.</p>
Subject(s)
Angelica sinensis , Drug Packaging , Economics , Methods , Drug Storage , Economics , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Plant Roots , Quality Control , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Various treatments were used in packaging and storing dry and fresh Radix Astragali in order to explore an economically practical storage method.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The experiment was designed in single-factor completely random as compared with the traditional stacking without package in which the character, quality, polysaccharide and extract contents were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>If stored for long-term use, the Radix Astragali should be packaged with vacuum-exhausted bags after cleaning by water and dried, which resulted in less weight loss, higher extract and polysaccharide. However, if stored for fresh use, the fresh Radix Astragali should be packaged in vacuum-exhausted bags after cleaning by sorghum alcohol and stored under low temperatures if possible, which resulted in less loss and longer fresh time. Considering polysaccharide and extract content, it is better to use dried the Radix Astragali in storage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Before packaged in vacuum-exhausted bags, the dry Radix Astragali should be cleaned by water for long-term use and cleaned by sorghum alcohol for fresh use under low temperatures if possible.</p>