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Objective To investigate the effectiveness of three different anesthetic techniques in intraventricular catheterization and its effect on the survival rate of rats. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were equally allocated into 3 groups:chloral hydrate group,pentobarbital sodium group and isoflurane group. Intraventricular catheterization was performed in the rats after anesthesia with i. p. injection of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sodium, and isoflurane inhalation, respectively. Levels of blood glucose were detected before and at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after anesthesia. Body mass and 24-hour food intake were recorded before and at 1, 3, 7 days after anesthesia. The onset time and effective time of anesthesia, operation time and the survival rates on 30 days of the rats were compared and analyzed. Results The onset time and effective time of anesthesia, and the operation time in the isoflurane group were shorter than that in the chloral hydrate group, while these parameters in this group were shorter than that in the pentobarbital sodium group. Blood glucose in the chloral hydrate group was apparently increased during the surgical operation, while the body mass, 24-hour food intake and blood glucose were decreasing since one day after operation, and all the rats in this group died during the 30-day observation, mainly, due to enteroplegia. Blood glucose in the pentobarbital sodium group was mildly increased after anesthesia, while the body mass, 24-hour food intake and blood glucose were mildly decreased at one day after operation and recovered within one week. In this group, 3 rats died of respiratory distress due to overdose anesthesia and one rat died during the 30 day-observation. The blood glucose in the isoflurane group was mildly increased after operation, while the 24-hour food intake and blood glucose did not markedly changed, the body mass was stably increased, and no rat died during the 30-day-observation. Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate is not suitable for intraventricular catheterization in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium can be only carefully applied for intraventricular catheterization under poorly-limited conditions. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia is recommended for intraventricular catheterization in rats.
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Literature regarding the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the mechanisms of acupuncture for NAFLD published between January of 2006 to December of 2016 was searched in CBM database, Wanfang database, CNKI database and PubMed. After analysis, the possible mechanisms of acupuncture for NAFLD were summarized from 5 following aspects: acupuncture regulating lipid metabolism and participating lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways, acupuncture improving insulin resistance, acupuncture increasing the antioxidant levels of liver tissue to improve lipid peroxidation, acupuncture inhabiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and acupuncture improving the morphology and structure of hepatocyte. Based on the characteristics of acupuncture, the suggestions and prospects of future research were proposed from the 4 following aspects: the specificity and compatibility of acupoint, the treatment timing of acupuncture, the stimulus parameter of acupuncture, and the intervention of acupuncture combined with dietary control.
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In the guidance of preventive treatment, taking "consolidation and non-obstruction" as the core, emphasizing the importance of the antipathogenic in the treatment, the method of " acupoint combination" was proposed in acupuncture therapy. In the paper, the theoretic basis and the connotation of " acupoint combination", the application of the key acupoint combination and the study on cardiovascular system, digestive system and immune system were introduced and it was anticipated to provide the theoretic evidences for the acupoint selection and enrich the contents of acupoint combination in acupuncture.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Cardiovascular System , Digestive System , Immune SystemABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the improvement of acupuncture and moxibustion on symptoms of-deficiency syndrome as well as their differences on the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with-deficiency syndrome and 15 healthy volunteers were recruited. Thirty patients with-deficiency syndrome were randomly assigned into an acupuncture group and a moxibustion group, 15 cases in each one. Fifteen healthy volunteers were allocated as a healthy control group. Patients in the acupuncture group and healthy control group were treated with acupuncture while patients in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion. Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zusanli (ST 36) were chosen for treatment, once every other day, for totally 10 times. All the patients were evaluated with-deficiency assessment scale (QDAS) and HRV parameters before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment. The correlation was analyzed between QDAS and HRV parameters, and HRV parameters were compared among the three groups before treatment, after 4th treatment and after all treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared before treatment, the scores of QDAS were decreased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group after 4th treatment and after all treatment (all<0.05); after all treatment the score of QDAS in the moxibustion group was lower than that in the acupuncture group (<0.05). The HRV parameters of-deficiency syndrome were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers with higher correlation with QDAS. Compared before treatment, the mean heart rate was decreased after treatment (<0.05), while total HRV and low frequency were increased in the moxibustion group (both<0.05). The mean heart rate in the healthy control group was increased after treatment (<0.05). The differences of HRV parameters before and after treatment were not significant in the acupuncture group (all>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Total HRV can reflect the severity of-deficiency syndrome. Both acupuncture and moxibustion can improve symptoms of-deficiency patients, which is superior in moxibustion. The possible mechanism is likely to be related with improved sustainable activation of autonomic nervous system.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects between ginger-partition moxibustion combined with glucocorticoid and simple oral glucocorticoid for thyreoitis at subacute stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-one patients were randomly divided into an observation group (41 cases) and a control group (40 cases). In the observation group, ginger-partition moxibustion and hormone were applied. Moxa cones were used at local ashi points, Zusanli (ST 36), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Qihai (CV 6), six cones every point, once every other day and three times a week. Besides, 24 mg methylprednisolone tablets were adopted orally every day, and in two weeks the dose was 16 mg/d, in four weeks 8 mg/d, in six weeks 4 mg/d; all the patients were observed for 8 week. In the control group, simple methylprednisolone was prescribed orally, and the dose, the usage and treatment time were the same as those in the observation group. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and ultra-sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after treatment were observed in the two groups, as well as fever, the pain of thyroid gland, the regression time of swelling and adverse reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time of thyroid gland pain relieved of the observation group was earlier than that of the control group [(3.07 ± 0.78) days vs (3.62 ± 0.92) days, P < 0.05]. After treatment, T3, T4 and ESR were declined apparently (all P < 0.01), and TSH was obviously increased in the two groups (both P < 0.01). After 2-week treatment, ESR in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 4-week treatment, T3, T4, TSH and ESR in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). After 8 weeks, all indices in the observation group were superior to those in the control group, without statistical significance between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The effects of the observation group in 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks were better than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The cured course was shorter in the observation group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [4.9% (2/41) vs 22.5% (9/40), P < 0.05]. Three months later after treatment, the cured patients were followed. There was no recrudescence in the observation group and three patients caught the disease again in the control group, but there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ginger-partition moxibustion combined with glucocorticoid achieves better effect than simple oral glucocorticoid for thyreoitis at subacute stage, and the adverse reaction is less, which presents the clinical advantages of the integration of Chinese and western medicine.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Zingiber officinale , Chemistry , Glucocorticoids , Moxibustion , Thyroid Gland , Metabolism , Thyroid Hormones , Metabolism , Thyroiditis , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Therapeutics , Thyrotropin , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of principal-subordinate acupoints combination on improving myocardial ischemia, and the gene regulatory pathways for the protection of myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the random number table method, 70 SPF Wistar male rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a LY294002 group, an insulin-like growth factors-1(IGF-1) group, a Neiguan group, an acupoint combination group and an acupoint combination + LY294002 group, 10 rats in each one. Rats in the normal group were injected with 0.9% NaCl solution, while rats in the remaining groups were treated with abdominal subcutaneous injection of isoroterenol hydrochloride to establish the rat model of myocardial ischemia. Rats in the LY294002 group and IGF-1 group were treated with injection of LY294002 solution and IGF-1 solution for 14 days. Rats in the Neiguan group were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC 6) by using Han-200 EA apparatus for 10 min per treatment. Rats in the acupoint combination group were treated with EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4) by using Han-200 EA apparatus for 10 min per treatment. Rats in the acupoint combination + LY294002 group were treated with LY294002 solution for 14 days, and EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Guanyuan" (CV 4) was given before model establishment, once a day for 21 days. EA pretreatment was given before model establishment in all acupuncture groups. The heart rate (HR) and ST segment voltage were detected before and after treatment; the myocardial pathological morphology was observed by HE staining; the expressions of P13K mRNA and Akt mRNA were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After modeling, HR and ST segment voltage in all intervention groups were higher than those in the normal group (all P < 0.01); after the intervention, the HR and the ST segment voltage in the acupoint combination group, IGF-1 group and IGF-1 group were improved (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which was more significant in the acupoint combination group and Neiguan group (all P < 0.01). As for the myocardial pathological morphology, obvious myocardial ischemia was observed in the model group, and that in the LY294002 group was the most serious, and that in the acupoint combination+ LY294002 group was moderate. After intervention, the myocardial pathological damage in the IGF-1 group, Neiguan group and acupoint combination group was significant improved, which was more significant in the IGF-1 group and acupoint combination group. As for the expression of PI3K mRNA and Akt mRNA, compared with normal group, the expression of PI3K mRNA was increased in the remaining groups after modeling (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which was more significant in the IGF-1 group and acupoint combination group (all P < 0. 01). The expression of Akt mRNA in the LY294002 group and acupoint combination + LY294002 group was reduced (P < 0. 01, P < 0.05), while that in the remaining groups was increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), which was more significant in the IGF-1 group and acupoint combination group (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The principal-subordinate acupoints combination could improve heart rate and ST segment voltage in rats with chronic myocardial ischemia, reduce myocardial pathological damage, which is superior to single selection of "Neiguan" (PC 6). The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism of principal-subordinate acupoints combination for the protection of chronic myocardial ischemia.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Chronic Disease , Therapeutics , Electroacupuncture , Electrocardiography , Heart Rate , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Metabolism , Myocardial Ischemia , Pathology , Therapeutics , Myocardium , Pathology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The amount of acupuncture treatment refers to the sum of acupuncture effects during the treatment. From the factors that constitutes the amount of acupuncture treatment, including the numbers of needling, the size of acupuncture instruments, the depth of acupuncture, the manipulation, the retained time of needle, etc., and combined with teaching and clinical experience, it is believed that the amount of acupuncture treatment is closely related with clinical efficacy, besides, moderate amount of acupuncture treatment is a key factor to improve acupuncture efficacy and guarantee the safety of acupuncture. The basic principles of regular treatment amount are arrival of qi and being moderate, indicating the retained time of needle, treatment frequency and course should be based on individual condition, time, location and disease.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , Meridians , Needles , QiABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture therapy on triglyceride (TG) content of quadriceps femoris in the high fat diet feeding-induced insulin resistance rats; To discuss acupuncture mechanisms to improve the insulin sensitivity. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats at the age of eight weeks were randomly divided into normal group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, and sham electro-acupuncture group. The normal group was given basic diet, and model group, electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were given high fat diet for 8 weeks, after which, the model of insulin resistance was successfully obtained. Electro-acupuncture group was given acupuncture therapy with “Guanyuan (GV4)”, “Zhognwan (GV12)”, “Zusanli (ST36)”, and “Fenglong (ST40)” for 8 weeks. Sham electro-acupuncture group was given stimulation at non-acupuncture points which were not on the meridians and near the acupoints but not at the area of the acupoints. In addition, food intake and body weight of each group were recorded, blood glucose was tested, TG content of quadriceps femoris was measured by enzymatic method after the treatment. Results The weight of the rats and TG levels of quadriceps femoris in electro-acupuncture group and sham electro-acupuncture group were significantly lower than those in model group, with significant statistical difference (P<0.05), especially in electro-acupuncture group. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy could improve insulin sensitivity to prevent and its related diseases.
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Objective To investigate the effect of “Shuangguyitong acupuncture therapy on serum interleukin-6 of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods Among seventy-three 180～220 g Wistar rats, thirteen were assigned as normal control group (group A) and sixty were induced diabetes by injecting STZ into celiac cavity. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into model group(group B), “Yitong” treatment group (group C), “Shuangguyitong” acupuncture group (group D) and common acupuncture group (group E). After two courses of treatment, serum IL-6 was tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) . The blood glucose was measured by sugar equipment. Results The high blood glucose of the diabetic rats were lowered significantly in group D and E (P
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Objective:To study the mechanisms that acupuncture therapy of "Shuanggu Yitong" in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMO).Methods:60female SD rats aged 6 months were resected bilateral ovaries and feeded for 90 days in order to make the model of experimental osteoporosis.Then,they were divided into 5 groups such as control group,regular acupoints treated group,"Shuanggu" group,"Yitong" group,"Shuanggu Yitong" group,with 12 rats each group,and the control group without any treatment;Pishu(BL 20),Weishu(BL 21),Shenshu(BL 23),Qihaishu(BL 24) was selected for the regular acupoints treated group;Guanyuan(RN 4),Zusanli(ST 36) for the "Shuanggu" group;and Shenshu(BL 23),Geshu(BL 17),Dazhu(BL 11) for the "Yitong" group;Guanyuan(RN 4),Zusanli(ST 36),Shenshu(BL 23),Geshu(BL 17),Dazhu(BL 11)for the "Shuanggu Yitong" group.Electroacupuncture therapy was given once a day,15 minutes each time,the needles were retained for 10 minutes.Then these rats rested for 1 day after consecutive therapy for 6 days.The therapy lasted for 12 weeks.RT-PCR was used to examine the expression level of interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in bone tissue.Results:Compared with control group,the expression level of IL-6mRNA in all acupuncture therapy groups decreased(P0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can reduce the expression level of IL-6mRNA in osteoporosis model rats without ovaries and "Shuanggu Yitong" acupuncture therapy is superior to other regular acupuncture therapy.
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BACKGROUND: According to the thought "prevention of diseases", a conception of "strengthening the vital by acupuncture preconditioning (AP)" is suggested recently.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of brain tissue extract after AP on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Random control experiment.SETTING: Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Massage, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Totally 102 adult Wistar rats were selected during the experiment, which was completed in the Institute of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Massage of Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2003 to July 2004. Among them, 20 rats were used to prepare cerebral tissue extract, and another 82 were used in the subsequent experiment.METHODS: The brain tissue extract was obtained from the rats which were given electroacupuncture at Shenshu (BL-23) and Baihui (DU-20).Totally 82 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Five rats in blank control group were taken as blank control, 15 in sham-operation control group were performed with sham operation, 16 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion control group with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, 16 in saline control group with the injection of saline intravenously firstly and then cerebral ischemia-reperfusion modeling, 15 in normal cerebral tissue extract control group with the injection of normal cerebral tissue extract intravenously firstly and then cerebral ischemia-reperfusion modeling, and 15 in AP cerebral tissue extract group with the injection of cerebral tissue extract intravenously firstly and then cerebral ischemia-reperfusion modeling.Intravenous injection was performed 2 hours and 1 hour before cerebral ischemic modeling, and each rat was injected twice with 1 mL/time. Brain tissue of the rats was taken ont 1, 3, 7 days after reperfusion respectively (or each group was divided into 3 subgroups with 5 rats in each) except those in blank control group. The blain tissue of rat in each group was selected at the relevant time points, and embedded with paraffin and cut into pieces. Cerebral histopathology was observed under the light scope (× 400)and the survival neurons were counted whose area was layer y of region Ⅰ in parietal cortex (inner cone).cortex.RESULTS: Two rats died during the experiment in cerebral ischemiareperfusion control group and saline control group respectively. Another Except blank control group and sham operation group, the brain sections of different time points in other groups showed scattering ischemic anoxic Count of survival neurons in layer Ⅴ of area I in parietal cortex: One day after reperfusion, survival nerve density of the brain ischemic reperfusion model group [(338.8±31.2)/mm2] was significantly lower than that of blank control group [(753.4±60.8)/mm2] (F=129.36, P ＜ 0.05); degeneration of the nerves became worse after reperfusion for 3 days and 7 days, but with no significant difference (F=1.76, P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the saline control group, normal brain tissue extract group and brain ischemic reperfusion model group at different time points (F=1.76, P ＞ 0.05). Survival neuron density in group of brain tissue extract after AP at the three time points was significantly higher than that in brain ischemic reperfusion model group [(438.1±41.0), (338.8±31.2)/mm2,(296.4±27.1), (124.8±13.4)/mm2; (269.5±30.4), (1.324±0.157)/mm2;F=129.36, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Injection of the brain tissue extract after AP at Shenshu (BL-23) and Baihui (DU-20) into the celiac cavity of rats could obviously reduce the subsequent neuron loss induced by brain isehemia-reperfusion and protect brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.