ABSTRACT
A frequência observada desses SNPs estavam em equilíbrio de HardyWeinberg nos casos e controles. Nenhuma diferença estatística na frequência genotípica e alélica do polimorfismo de BCL-2 (-938C>A) foi observada entre casos e controles. Contudo, uma forte associação foi identificada na freqüência do genótipo GG de BAX (-248G>A) entre os casos e controles. Quando os grupos de LSIL e HSIL foram comparados, nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada, indicando que o genótipo GG pode influenciar no aparecimento de lesões cervicais, mas não na gravidade da doença. Analisamos a expressão de RNAm de genes associados a apoptose (BAX, BCL2, p53 e pRb) e citotoxicidade (perforina e Fas). Quando a expressão de RNAm de Perforina e Fas foram avaliadas, diferença estatística foi observadas em pacientes portadoras de NIC III e câncerObservamos diferença estatística entre os controles e todos os casos, quando analisamos a expressão de RNAm de p53, mas não de pRb, sendo observada diferença apenas nos controles e NIC II e III. Na analise de RNAm de BCL2, notamos uma baixa expressão no grupo de câncer quando comparado com NIC II, III e controle. Em conclusão, a infecção pelo HIV pode induzir redução na degranulação de células inflamatórias, corroborando para a progressão de infecção pelo HPV, e que carreadoras do alelo G na região promotora de BAX (-248G>A) pode estar associado ao desenvolvimento de NIC quando comparado com as carreadoras do alelo A, possuindo papel protetor; contudo o alelo G não está correlacionado com a gravidade da doença...
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity plays an important role in the regulation of HPVinfection, and in tumor formation. Apoptosis is regulated by different pathways involving a number of genes that either promote (BAX gene)or inhibit (BCL2 gene) the cell death. We evaluated the presence of cervical inflammatory cells, apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, FasL, NOS2, perforin) markers and the degranulating expressing cell marker (CD107a) from HPV and HPV/HIV women. Higher per centage of cervical CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were observed in both groups, with lower CD4+ T cells count observed in HPV/HIV women. There were few FasL, Bax and Bcl - 2 inflammatory cervical expressing cells in both groups. NOS2 expression was present especially in the epithelium basal layer on keratinocytes in both groups. Perforin was identified in few cervical cells. However, CD107a was detected in the epithelium basal layer and stroma, meanly on HPV women. We determined whether the SNPs of BCL2(-938C>A) and BAX ( - 248G>A) promoters are associated with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) outcome. The observed genotype frequencies of these SNPs were in agreement with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in cases and controlgroups. No statistical difference in genotype and allelic frequency ofBCL - 2 ( - 938C>A) polymorphism was observed between all cases and control groups. However, a strong association was identified in GG genotype frequency of BAX ( - 248G>A) polymorphism between cases and controls. When LSIL an d HSILgroups were compared, no statistical difference was observed, indicating thatGG genotype may influence the risk of CIN but not the lesion severity. Weanalyzed the mRNA expression of apoptosis - associated genes (BAX, BCL2, p53 and pRb ) and cytotoxicity -related genes (perforin and Fas). When Fas and Perforin mRNA expressions were evaluated, the statistical difference betweenCIN III and cancer was seen...
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity , Apoptosis , HIV , Papillomaviridae , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has become an important risk factor for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the development of HPV associated lesions in the female genital tract. HIV-1 may also increase the oncogenicity of high risk HPV types and the activation of low risk types. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention declared invasive cervical cancer an acquired immunodeficience virus (AIDS) defining illness in HIV positive women. Furthermore, cervical cancer happens to be the second most common female cancer worldwide. The host's local immune response plays a critical factor in controlling these conditions, as well as in changes in the number of professional antigen-presenting cells, cytokine, and MHC molecules expression. Also, the production of cytokines may determine which arm of the immune response will be stimulated and may influence the magnitude of immune protection. Although there are many studies describing the inflammatory response in HPV infection, few data are available to demonstrate the influence of the HIV infection and several questions regarding the cervical immune response are still unknown. In this review we present a brief account of the current understanding of HIV/HPV co-infection, emphasizing cervical immune response.