Vulnerability to infectious and contagious diseases in daycare center teachers: an observational study

Background: The risks caused by infectious and contagious diseases in the school environment are of importance to the conduct of early childhood education in the contemporary world. In this work authors aimed to analyze vulnerability to infectious and contagious diseases in daycare center teachers who work in public institutions in the Municipality of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.Methods: This was aquanti-qualitative study approach of the descriptive, cross-sectional type, of an exploratory nature. This study was carried out with 30 daycare center teachers from the Municipality of Fortaleza from October to November 2016. Results: The main infectious and contagious diseases that affect children in the daycare center were high rates of two or three comorbidities per child. Regarding the workplace risk to the teachers’ health, 58.6% of the teachers consider that the working in the daycare center does not bring greater risks of illness and 41.4% believe it does.Conclusions: Stress due to the presence of students with viral infections who need to remain in the daycare center, lack of hygiene, rest and inadequate nutrition contribute to the vulnerability to illnesses in the teachers.

Diversidade genética por marcadores moleculares em Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense no Estado de Santa Catarina / Genetic diversity by molecular markers in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Santa Catarina State

O mal-do-panamá, causado por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), é um dos principais problemas fitossanitários da bananicultura. O uso de cultivares resistentes é o método preferencialmente recomendado para o seu controle, sendo a avaliação da diversidade genética do patógeno necessária no desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo da doença a longo prazo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a variabilidade genética de isolados de FOC por marcadores moleculares RAPD e SSR. Foram avaliados 64 isolados coletados em regiões produtoras do estado de Santa Catarina, sendo que 100 por cento deles foram patogênicos à bananeira da cv. 'Enxerto'. As análises de conglomerados com esses marcadores revelaram variabilidade entre os isolados amostrados. As técnicas moleculares aplicadas foram eficientes em separar os isolados em três grupos distintos. Os membros de cada grupo, em cada uma das técnicas, em geral, foram coincidentes e três dos isolados (CO16, JS23 e JS26) apresentaram-se mais distantes geneticamente nos dendrogramas de similaridade.

Panama disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), is one of the major disease of banana crop. The use of resistant cultivars is the recommended control method, but the assessment of the pathogen genetic diversity is necessary for the development of long-term management strategies. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of isolates of FOC in Santa Catarina state, using RAPD and SSR molecular markers. It was evaluated 64 isolates collected in the producing regions of Santa Catarina state, where 100 percent of them were pathogenic to banana cv. 'Enxerto'. Cluster analysis by molecular markers revealed variability among the isolates. Both molecular techniques were effective in separating the isolates into tree distinct groups and, in general, led to similar grouping. Three isolates (CO16, JS23 and JS26) were genetically more distant in dendograms of similarity.

Seletividade de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do arroz irrigado ao fungo Metarhizium anisopliae, agente de controle microbiano de Tibraca limbativentris / Selectivity of chemical pesticides used in rice irrigated crop at fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, microbial control agent of Tibraca limbativentris

Para subsidiar a utilização de táticas de manejo integrado para o inseto-praga Tibraca limbativentris, avaliou-se a compatibilidade in vitro entre o isolado CG 891 de Metarhizium anisopliae e os agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do arroz irrigado. Os parâmetros avaliados foram crescimento vegetativo, esporulação e germinação em pré e pós-contato do fungo, com duas doses de fipronil, tiametoxam, fenitrotiona, carbofurano, pirazossulfurom-etílico, bentazona, clomazona, glifosato e quincloraque; e uma dose de triciclazol e azoxistrobina. Reduções significativas no crescimento vegetativo e esporulação de M. anisopliae foram observadas para fenitrotiona, carbofurano e azoxistrobina. Observou-se redução na germinação em pré-contato para o agrotóxico azoxistrobina. O valor percentual da germinação alterou a classificação dos agrotóxicos com relação a sua seletividade sobre o entomopatógeno. No entanto, os resultados mostram que in vitro os agrotóxicos fenitrotiona, carbofurano, glifosato e azoxistrobina são prejudiciais ao isolado CG 891 de M. anisopliae.

Searching for integrated control strategies for the insect-pest Tibraca limbativentris, the in vitro compatibility between isolated CG 891 of Metarhizium anisopliae and several pesticides used in the culture of irrigated rice was evaluated. The followings parameters were studied: vegetative growth, sporulation and the germination viability in pre- and post-contact of the fungus for two concentrations of fipronil, thiametoxan, fenitrothion, carbofuran, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, bentazon, clomazone, glyfosate and quinclorac and one concentration of tricyclazole and azoxystrobin. Significant reductions in the vegetative growth and sporulation of M. anisopliae were observed for fenitrothion, carbofuran and azoxystrobin. The germination in pre-contact was affected by azoxystrobin. The percentage of germination changed the classification of pesticides in relation to its selectivity on the fungus. However, the results show that in vitro, the pesticides fenitrothion, carbofuran, glyfosate and azoxystrobin are harmful to isolated CG 891 of M. anisopliae.