Gestação precoce e reincidência de gestações em adolescente e mulheres de uma unidade de estratégia de saúde da família ( ESF 302) / Premature pregnancy and re-incidence of pregnancy among adolescent and adult women attended at a unit of the family health strategy (ESF 302)

A gravidez na adolescência está associada a diversos problemas físicos, sociais e emocionais que revelam um importante problema de Saúde Coletiva. Nos últimos anos, vários estudos têm reportado que a gravidez na adolescência pode trazer consequências negativas tanto para a mãe quanto para o bebê. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil de gestantes adolescentes atendidas no Programa da Saúde da Família (PSF) 302 da cidade de Aragarças, GO. Foram avaliadas 54 gestantes na faixa etária de 15 a 40 anos. O método utilizado foi o de entrevista com questionário contendo perguntas relacionadas à vida pessoal da mãe, à gravidez, além dos fatores associados à ocorrência da gestação. Observou-se que 18% das gestantes eram adolescentes, destas 40% foram reincidentes e 30% solteiras. Entre as adolescentes, 88% não exerciam atividades remuneradas e estavam com as atividades escolares comprometidas. Quando se avaliou o índice de gravidez não planejada, 75% relataram não ter planejado a gravidez. Esses dados reforçam a falta de educação sexual e planejamento familiar entre as jovens residentes na cidade de Aragarças (Goiás), indicando, assim, a necessidade de programas de prevenção de gravidez na adolescência.

Adolescent pregnancy is associated with various physical, social, and emotional problems and is currently considered an important public health problem. In recent years, a number of studies have been reporting that adolescent pregnancy can carry negative consequences for both the mother and the baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of pregnant adolescents treated at the Family Health Program (PSF) 302 in the city of Aragarças, GO. The assessment included 54 women with ages from 15 to 40 years. The method used was an interview including a questionnaire about the mother?s personal life, the pregnancy process, and its associated factors. It was observed that 18% of the pregnant women were adolescents, 40% of these were pregnancy re-incident, and 30% were single. Among the adolescents, 88% did not have paid employment and their school activities had been compromised. In evaluating the unplanned pregnancy rate, 75% of these adolescent or adult women reported not having planned the pregnancy. These findings suggest a lack of sex education and family planning among the younger residents of the city of Aragarças (Goiás), thus indicating the urgent need for adolescent pregnancy prevention programs.

Obesidad y factores de riesgo del estilo de vida en profesionales de salud de tres ciudades brasileras / Obesity and lifestyle risk factors among health professionals in three brazilian cities

Aims: to describe the prevalence of overweight, obesity and lifestyle factors among health professionals from three Brazilian cities. Methods: in addition to a questionnaire containing the FIT and PAR-Q test, the WHOQOL and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, we also estimated the body mass index and waist circumference of 44 health professionals. Results: 30% of the sample were overweight or had sleeping problems. 29% of the employees had little leisure oportunities. About 12% of the sample had arterial hypertension. Conclusion: there was a significantly relationship between affective problems and being a women. The frequency of obesity and its co-morbidities was higher in women than in men.

Objetivos: verificar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad y el estilo de vida entre los profesionales de la salud de tres ciudades brasileñas. Métodos: además de la evaluación del FIT y PAR-Q prueba, el WHOQOL y la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth, también se calculó el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de la cadera de 44 profesionales de la salud. Resultados: el 30% de la muestra tenía sobrepeso o problemas para dormir; 29% de los empleados tenían poco tiempo libre; alrededor del 12% de la muestra tenía hipertensión arterial. Conclusión: las mujeres eran más propensas a desarrollar problemas afectivos y tenían mayor riesgo de obesidad y sus comorbilidades.

Uso de medicamentos para perda de peso e índice de massa corporal em universitários do Vale do Araguaia (MT/GO), Amazônia Legal / Use of weight loss drugs and body mass index among academicians from Vale do Araguaia (MT/GO), Legal Amazon

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A obesidade está associada a diversas doenças, como a hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares, além do aumento do risco de neoplasias. No Brasil, o consumo de moderadores de apetite é um dos maiores do mundo. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a prevalência de consumo de medicamentos para perda de peso e a prevalência de sobrepeso em população de estudantes universitários. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 487 alunos do Campus Universitário do Araguaia, UFMT. Foi realizada avaliação do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e aplicação de questionário para avaliação dos medicamentos para perda de peso mais consumidos, tempo de consumo, ocorrência de efeitos adversos, acompanhamento médico e motivo para seu uso. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 9% utilizaram medicamentos com intuito de emagrecer, dentre estes 47,7% estavam com IMC normal e 88,6% eram mulheres. A prevalência de sobrepeso nos estudantes foi de 22,9% dentre os homens e 9,6% dentre as mulheres. Os fármacos mais utilizados foram a quitosana (13,1%), seguidos pela alcachofra (Cynara scolymus L.), chá verde (Camelia sinensis), femproporex e sibutramina, com 6,7% cada. A reação adversa mais citada foi boca seca (21,6%). Dentre os estudantes, 41% afirmaram ter obtido informações acerca do medicamento utilizado com um médico. Além do medicamento para emagrecer, 52,5% dos entrevistados afirmaram utilizar dieta de restrição alimentar, 30% fizeram dieta e exercícios físicos. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das mulheres que utilizaram medicamentos para perda de peso não precisavam fazê-lo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obesity associated with many diseases, such as arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, beyond the increased risk of neoplastic disorders. In Brazil, the consumption of anorexigen drugs is one of the most high in the world. Then, the objective of this work was to know the prevalence of overweight and use of weight loss drugs in a population of university students. METHOD: 487 students from the "Instituto Universitário do Araguaia", Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) were analyzed. Beyond the body mass index (BMI), a questionnaire was used to evaluate the most consumed weight loss drugs, time of drug use, occurrence of adverse health effects, medical consulting, and declared motive for using those drugs. RESULTS: Among the interviewed, 9.0% used drugs for weight loss, and between those 47.7% presented normal body mass index (BMI), and 88.6% were female. The prevalence of overweight was 22.9% for male and 9.6% for female students. The most used weight loss drugs were chitosan (13.1%), followed by alcachofra (Cynara scolymus L.), green tea (Camelia sinensis), fenproporex and sibutramine, with 6.7% each drug. The most frequent related adverse health effect was dry mouth (21.6%). Among the students, 41.0% declared had obtained drug information use with a medical doctor. Beyond use of weight loss drugs, 52.5% of the students declared use food restriction diets, and 30.0% were involved in both food restriction diets and practice of physical exercises. CONCLUSION: The majority of women had used weight loss drugs must not use it because of their normal body weight.

Contaminación de los alimentos por virus: un problema de salud pública poco comprendido / Viral contamination of food products: a poorly understood public health problem

En todas partes del mundo han surgido epidemias de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos (ETA) sobre las que no existe suficiente información para guiar las acciones de las instituciones de salud pública. El presente estudio se hizo con objeto de contribuir a la diseminación de información sobre esas enfermedades, sus agentes etiológicos y su epidemiología y control. Se utilizaron datos de 61 estudios, entre ellos revisiones, descripciones de brotes y sistematización de datos. De los resultados obtenidos se pudo concluir que hay un gran problema de subregistro y falta de datos sobre estas enfermedades en los diversos países, pero los virus constituyen la segunda causa más importante de ETA en los Estados Unidos de América. Dos agentes, el virus Norwalk y el de la hepatitis A, ocuparon el quinto y sexto lugares, respectivamente, entre las causas principales de ETA, aunque el primero ocupó el primer puesto en 1982 y el segundo lugar como causa principal de enfermedades de transmisión hídrica durante el período de 1986 a 1988. A pesar de la escasez de datos al respecto, los rotavirus, poliovirus, virus de la hepatitis E, astrovirus y pequeños virus gastroentéricos también tienen importancia como agentes de ETA. En el artículo se discute también la importancia de las zoonosis víricas, especialmente de las fiebres hemorrágicas transmitidas por excretas de roedores y las encefalitis víricas transmitidas por garrapatas (fiebre difásica de la leche). Asimismo se presenta la polémica sobre la enfermedad de las vacas locas y su posible transmisión por los alimentos, además de los cuidados alimentarios relacionados con el sida y otras infecciones víricas. Por último, se describen los procedimientos de prevención y control de las ETA víricas

Throughout the world there have been several epidemics of food-borne diseases (FBD) about which there is lack of sufficient information for public health institutions to take appropriate measures. This study was conducted for the purpose of contributing to the dissemination of information on these diseases and their etiologic agents, epidemiology, and control. The study was based on data from 61 sources, including review articles, reports of outbreaks, and databases. Results reveal considerable underregistration and lack of data on FBD throughout the various countries, with viruses being the second most important cause of FBD in the United States of America. Two agents, Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus, were the fifth and sixth most frequent causes, respectively, although the former was the single most frequent cause of FBD in 1982 and the second most frequent cause of water-borne diseases during the period from 1986 to 1988. Despite the scarcity of information on the problem, rotavirus, poliovirus, hepatitis E virus, astrovirus, and small gastroenteric viruses are also important causes of FBD. We also discuss the importance of viral zoonoses, especially hemorrhagic fevers transmitted by contact with rodent feces and tick-borne viral encephalitides (Lassa fever). There is discussion of the controversial mad cow disease and its potential transmission through food products, as well as of dietary aspects of the management of AIDS and other viral infections. Finally, measures for the prevention and control of FBD are described.