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1.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 11(4): 962-967, jul.-set. 2019. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1005814

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Descrever as características dos casos de abandono do tratamento de tuberculose em pacientes que desenvolveram tuberculose multirresistente (TBMR). Métodos: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em uma instituição terciária de referência para tratamento de TBMR localizada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi utilizado instrumento estruturado com informações de quarenta prontuários entre os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2016. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do software SPSS. Resultados: Dos pacientes estudados, 35% abandonaram tratamento anterior de tuberculose. Conclusão e implicação para a prática: É necessária a identificação precoce de pacientes que apresentam maior risco para abandono do tratamento, bem como a criação de um modelo de assistência voltado ao perfil dos usuários que abandonam o tratamento, com uma prática participativa, com grupos educativos que promovam ações preventivas, identificando e estudando estratégias para a superação de barreiras ligadas à realidade de vida individual e coletiva


Objective: To describe the characteristics of cases of tuberculosis treatment abandonment in patients who developed MDR-TB. Methods: a descriptive study of a quantitative approach developed in a tertiary referral institution for the treatment of MDR-TB, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A structured instrument was used with information from forty medical records between August and December 2016. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the patients studied, 35% abandoned previous treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion and implication for the practice: early identification of patients who are at greater risk for treatment abandonment is required, as well as the creation of a model of assistance aimed at the profile of users who abandon treatment, with a participatory practice with educational groups That promote preventive actions, identifying, studying strategies for overcoming barriers linked to reality, individual and collective life


Objetivos: Describir las características de los casos de abandono del tratamiento de tuberculosis en pacientes que desarrollaron TBMR. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado en una institución terciaria de referencia para tratamiento de TBMR, ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Se utilizó instrumento estructurado con informaciones de cuarenta prontuarios entre los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2016. El análisis de los datos fue realizado a través del software SPSS. Resultados: de los pacientes estudiados, el 35% abandonó el tratamiento anterior de la tuberculosis.Conclusión e implicación para la práctica: es necesaria la identificación precoz de pacientes que presentan mayor riesgo para el abandono del tratamiento, así como la creación de un modelo de asistencia orientado al perfil de los usuarios que abandonan el tratamiento, con una práctica participativa, con grupos educativos Que promuevan acciones preventivas, identificando, estudiando estrategias para la superación de barreras ligadas a la realidad, de vida individual y colectiva


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/therapy , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. pesqui. cuid. fundam. (Online) ; 11(2, n. esp): 358-362, jan. 2019.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-969295

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de coinfecção HIV/TB em pacientes submetidos a tratamento de TBMR em um hospital de referência do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Uma investigação transversal, cuja população foi composta por 40 pacientes em tratamento para TBMR, no período de março a dezembro de 2016. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados: No período em estudo foram diagnosticados 40 casos de TBMR, dos quais 9 mostraram sorologia positiva para HIV, o que representou uma taxa de coinfecção de 22,5%. Nesse grupo predominou o sexo masculino (85,29%) e a média 37,5 anos. O diagnóstico de TB nos coinfectados prevaleceu a forma clínica pulmonar (80%). No teste do esfregaço, (66,6%) apresentaram resultado positivo, (74,9%) radiologia sugestiva e 100% dos pacientes apresentaram resistência a rifampicina no teste do Gene Xpert. Conclusão: As drogas que apresentaram-se mais resistentes neste grupo foram rifampicina, isoniazida e estreptomicina (87,5%)


Objective: The study's purpose has been to estimate the prevalence of HIV/TB coinfection in patients submitted to treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at a referral hospital in Rio de Janeiro city. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study that was carried out over the period from March to December 2016, whose population was composed of 40 patients undergoing treatment for MDR-TB. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical program. Results: During the study time frame, 40 cases of MDR-TB were diagnosed, out of which 9 cases showed positive serology for HIV, representing a coinfection rate of 22.5%. In this group, the male gender predominated (85.29%) and with average age of 37.5 years old. The diagnosis of TB in coinfected patients occurred in the pulmonary clinical form (80%). In the smear test, (66.6%) presented a positive result, (74.9%) suggestive radiology and 100% of the patients presented resistance to rifampicin in the GeneXpert TB test. Conclusion: The drugs that presented the most resistance in this group were rifampicin, isoniazid and streptomycin (87.5%)


Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de coinfección VIH/TB en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento de TBMR en un hospital de referencia de Río de Janeiro. Método: Una investigación transversal, cuya población fue compuesta por 40 pacientes en tratamiento para TBMR, en el período de marzo a diciembre de 2016. Para análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados: En el período en estudio se diagnosticaron 40 casos de TBMR, de los cuales 9 mostraron serología positiva para el VIH, lo que representó una tasa de coinfección del 22,5%. En ese grupo predominó el sexo masculino (85,29%) y la media 37,5 años. El diagnóstico de TB en los coinfectados prevaleció la forma clínica pulmonar (80%). En la prueba del frotis, (66,6%) presentaron un resultado positivo, (74,9%) radiología sugestiva y el 100% de los pacientes presentaron resistencia a rifampicina en la prueba del Gene Xpert. Conclusión: Las drogas que se presentaron más resistentes en este grupo fueron rifampicina, isoniazida y estreptomicina (87,5%)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Tuberculosis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Coinfection/diagnosis
3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 41(3): 603-611, Oct. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549401

ABSTRACT

Despite the importance of gastrointestinal diseases and their global distribution, affecting millions of individuals around the world, the role and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria such as those in the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) are still unclear in young children. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of species in the BFG and enterotoxigenic strains in the fecal microbiota of children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Diarrheic (n=110) and non-diarrheic (n=65) fecal samples from children aged 0-5 years old were evaluated. BFG strains were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical, physiological and molecular approaches. Alternatively, bacteria and enterotoxigenic strains were detected directly from feces by molecular biology. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the agar dilution method according to the guidelines for isolated bacteria. BFG was detected in 64.3 percent of the fecal samples (55 percent diarrheic and 80.4 percent non-diarrheic), and 4.6 percent were enterotoxigenic. Antimicrobial resistance was observed against ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ceftriaxone, clindamycin and chloramphenicol. The data show that these bacteria are prevalent in fecal microbiota at higher levels in healthy children. The molecular methodology was more effective in identifying the B. fragilis group when compared to the biochemical and physiological techniques. The observation of high resistance levels stimulates thoughts about the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs in early infancy. Further quantitative studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the role of these bacteria in acute diarrhea in children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteroides Infections , Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification , Bacteroides fragilis/isolation & purification , Diarrhea, Infantile , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Methods , Methods
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