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1.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-167050

ABSTRACT

Aims: The incidence of fungal infections has increased over the last ten years and fungi of the genus Penicillium can be found in various substrates and affect immunocompromised people, hospitalized patients, many animals and plants, as well as compromise the quality of air indoors. The current situation of indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the consequent resistance of microorganisms to conventional antimicrobial therapy has been stimulating researchers to seek alternative sources of antimicrobial compounds, among them the medicinal plants. The tendency of getting phytochemicals from extracts, fractions, fixed or essential oils obtained from plant species is currently observed. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of seven phytochemicals (geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, linalool, p-cymene, terpinolene and citral) against twelve samples of Penicillium. Place of Study: Laboratory tests were carried out at the Mycology Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, located in the Health Sciences Center (CCS) of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). Methodology: Firstly, screening was carried out to find the phytochemical with the best activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution technique. Following, the tests were proceeded with thymol to determine of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Results: Through analysis of results, it is observed that carvacrol, thymol and citral showed the best activities of the samples of Penicillium studied. The MIC values were 256 mg / mL, for carvacrol and citral, and 128 mg / mL, for thymol (compound showed better results). The thymol had its MIC 90 established at 128 mg / mL, inhibiting, at this concentration, 92% of the tested samples. Analyzing compared to MIC and MFC, it was observed that thymol presented CFM values similar to CIM values for 1/3 of the samples, showing also values greater than 1024 mg / mL for only two samples. The CFM value ranged from 128 μg/ml to 1024 μg/ml. Conclusion: The thymol is a promising new possibility among the products with antifungal activity against Penicillium, however if the performance is needed further studies, deeper, about their mechanism of action and toxicity, as well as in vivo tests, aiming a possible application therapy.

2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-167039

ABSTRACT

Aims: The hospital environment can act as a reservoir for microorganisms, which in turn can contaminate a range of hospital equipment and survive for long periods of time. One of these environments the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), for the initial post partum period serving as a home for newborns of low birth weight and needing invasive procedures for administration of nutritional and medicinal substances, which makes the NICU a critical area for housing individuals with immune system. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic appearance of resistance of the Staphylococcus spp. compared to erythromycin and clindamycin, originating from isolated areas of a NICU in the city of Campina Grande - PB. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in the city of Campina Grande – PB, Brazil. Processing and Analysis of Samples: Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Paraíba, between August and October 2012. Methodology: Samples were collected from surfaces present at the NICU. The samples were identified and strains of Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to sensitivity, and to verify erythromycin-induced resistance the D-test was used, following the CLSI standards-M100-S22 (2012). Results: Bacterial strains from all surfaces analyzed were isolated, 59.02% of isolates belong to the genus Staphylococcus spp., representing 36 bacterial strains, of which 31 were subspecies Staphylococcus aureus and 5 were coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). There was found more than 70% resistance to the group of penicillins and more than 30% to methicillin. Among the 36 strains of Staphylococcus spp. 19.45% were resistant to erythromycin. The rate found for constitutive resistance to macrolides (MLSBc) was 5.56% and was observed induced resistance to the macrolide type (MLSBi) in 2.78% the strains. Conclusion: The resistotyping of isolated strains for inducible and constitutive resistance may be considered a test of substantial importance not only as an epidemiologic marker in view of analyzing possible dissemination of hospital strains, but with respect to adequate, and precise determination of the antibiotic treatment of neonates.

3.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 42(1): 33-37, 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550552

ABSTRACT

Plantas medicinais com propriedades antimicrobianas juntamente com a problemática da resistência microbiana são de grande relevância, principalmente em países de desenvolvimento,são uma ótima alternativa para investimentos em pesquisas, pois apontam para o uso de novos antibióticos que sejam eficazes diante dos patógenos emergentes. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico da Anadenanthera macrocarpa (angico) e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) sobre amostras de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus de origem humana. A atividade antimicrobiana e a CIM do extrato do angico frente a cepas de S. aureus foi determinada por difusão em placa com Ágar Mueller-Hinton usando o método de pour plate. Após solidificação do inóculo (1mL) adicionado ao ágar (25mL) foram feitas cavidades de 6mm, preenchidas com 50ul do extrato. Foram testadas 10 amostras de S. aureus e a atividade foi determinada pela presença de halo de inibição igual ou superior a 8mm. Todas as amostras monstraram-se sensiveis à ação do extrato de angico com halos de inibição variando de 19 a 25 mm. O extrato hidroalcoólico do angico apresentou atividade antimicrobiana e CIM de 3,12% (1:32) para todas as cepas de S. aureus testadas.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plants, Medicinal , Staphylococcus aureus
4.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 42(1): 27-31, 2010. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550553

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus é um agente etiológico importante associado a infecções adquiridas, onde se destaca por frequencia elevada e sua patogenicidade, e que foi capaz de desenvolver rapidamente resistência aos antibióticos , constituindo uma séria ameaça à saúde´pública. As plantas tem sido uma fonte valiosa de produtos para manutenção da saúde humana e consideradas uma das melhores fontes para se obter uma variedade de drogas, entre elas, encontra-se o Stryphnodendron adstringens (basrbatimão) que apresenta uma entre outras ações, atividade antimicrobiana. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido, processo cavidade-placa e a concentração inibitória mínima foi calculada considerando a menor concentração do extrato capaz de inibir o crescimento bacteriano, após incubação a 37 graus Celsius durante 24 horas. O extrato hidroalcóolico de barbatimão foi testado frente ao extrato bruto (100%) e nas diluições referentes a concentrações 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, 1,56% e 0,78%, onde foi observado que todas as cepas testadas foram sensíveis ao extrato, onde maior halo de inibição de crescimento bacteriano foi de 22mm, no extrato bruto (100%) e o menor de 8mm na diluição de 1:64 (1,56%)


Subject(s)
Fabaceae , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Staphylococcus aureus , Stryphnodendron barbatimam
5.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 42(2): 141-144, 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558435

ABSTRACT

Doenças de veiculação hídrica é a causa de grandes problemas de saúde pública no mundo, sendo a Salmonella sp. umrepresentante dessa classe de microrganismos patogênicos. A contaminação dos recursos hídricos vem acompanhada de outro fator agravante, o crescente aparecimento de cepas de Salmonella sp. resistentes aos antimicrobianos comerciais, demonstrando a importância de encontrar novas substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana. Este estudo objetivou verificar a sensibilidade de 28 cepas de Salmonella sp., isoladas de um rio impactado por esgotos em Campina Grande (PB), a antimicrobianos comerciais e analisar a atividadeantimicrobiana dos seguintes extratos hidroalcoólicos: Rosmarinus officinalis, Ximenia americana, Anadenanphera colubrina, Astronium uruncleura, Sprychnobendron abscringens e Anarcadium occidentale. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório deMicrobiologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (Campina Grande/PB). Na metodologia, foram usados métodos de difusão em placas com meio sólido Mueller-Hinton. Observou-se, diante dos antimicrobianos comercias, 6 (21,5) cepas resistentes à Tetraciclina,seguida por Cotrimoxazol com 1 (3,6) cepa resistente. Nenhuma resistência foi verificada à Amicacina, Amoxacilina, Aztreonam, Cefalotina, Cefoxitina, Cloranfenicol, Gentamicina, Imipenema e Lomefloxacina. Dos seis extratos hidroalcoólicos testados, todosapresentaram atividade antimicrobiana às cepas de Salmonella sp. testadas, apenas o Rosmarinus officinalis mostrou pouca atividade, sendo eficaz a 4 (14,3) das cepas testadas.


Subject(s)
Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts , Salmonella
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