A temática esporte nas provas de Educação Física do exame nacional de desempenho de estudantes (ENADE) de 2004 a 2021 / The sport theme in the Physical Education tests of the national students' exam (ENADE) from 2004 to 2021 / El tema del deporte en las pruebas de Educación Física del examen nacional de desempeño de estudiantes (ENADE) de 2004 a 2021

O presente estudo analisou as características dos itens sobre a temática esporte na parte de conhecimento específico das provas aplicadas aos cursos de graduação em educação física (licenciatura e bacharelado) no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE). Trata- se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e de natureza quantitativa. Foram examinadas 340 questões de conhecimento específico das provas e os relatórios sínteses da área de 2004 a 2021. A temática esporte apareceu em 117 itens/questões (34,4%), com maior presença nas provas do bacharelado. Eles apresentaram bom poder discriminatório, foram classificados como menos difíceis do que itens sobre outras temáticas em ambas as habilitações e a frequência dos objetos de conhecimento referenciados em cada habilitação pareceu coerente com as especificidades das atuações profissionais. Assim, a identificação dos itens sobre esporte não só permitiu observar as suas características e relação com outros assuntos como também fornecer informações para melhor preparação aos estudantes.

This study analyzed the characteristics of the questions on sports in the part of specific knowledge of the tests for undergraduate courses in Physical Education (degree and bachelor's degree) in the National Students' Exam (ENADE). This is a descriptive, exploratory and quantitative research. There were examined 340 specific knowledge questions from the tests and the summary reports in the area, from 2004 to 2021. Sports appeared in 117 items/questions (34.4%), with a greater presence in the bachelor's degree tests. They presented good discriminatory power, and they were classified as less difficult than items on other topics in both qualifications; and the frequency of knowledge referred in each qualification seemed to be coherent with the specificities of professional activities. Thus, the identification of items/questions about sports, not only allowed the observance of their characteristics and relationship with other subjects, as well providing information to better prepare students.

Este estudio analizó las características de las preguntas sobre la temática deporte en la parte de conocimientos específicos de las pruebas aplicadas a las carreras de educación física (licenciatura y bachillerato) en el examen nacional de desempeño de estudiantes (ENADE). És una investigación descriptiva, exploratoria y cuantitativa. Se examinaron 340 preguntas de conocimiento específico de las pruebas y de los informes resumidos en el área de 2004 a 2021. La temática del deporte apareció en 117 ítems/preguntas (34,4%), con mayor presencia en las pruebas de bachillerato. Presentaron un buen poder discriminatorio, se clasificaron como menos difíciles que los ítems sobre otros temas en ambas cualificaciones y la frecuencia de los objetos de conocimiento en cada cualificación parecía coherente con las especificidades de las actividades profesionales. Así, la identificación de ítems sobre deporte no sólo permitió observar sus características y relación con otras materias sino también brindar información para preparar mejor a los estudiantes.

New bicompartmental model: an application for the production of gases using the in vitro technique / Novo modelo bicompartimental: uma aplicação para a produção de gases pela técnica in vitro

The purpose of this study was to propose a bicompartmental nonlinear model and to identify the best-performing model between the proposed model and the bicompartmental logistic (BL) mode regarding the quality of fit to the curve of cumulative gas production (CGP) using corn silage, sunflower, and their mixtures. Gas production was measured 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h after beginning the in vitro fermentation process. The generated data were used to generate the parameters of each model tested using the stats package of the R computational tool version 4.0.4. The mathematical models were subjected to the following selection criteria: the adjusted coefficient of determination (Raj.), residual mean square (RMS), mean absolute deviation (MAD), and Akaike information criterion (AIC). It was demonstrated that the proposed model had better performance with a high Raj., and lower values of RMS, AIC, and MAD than the bicompartmental logistic model for the prediction of the parameters of cumulative gas production (CGP), per to present a superior fit in the set of criteria according to the methodology and conditions in which the present study was developed.(AU)

No presente trabalho, com silagem de milho, girassol e suas misturas, objetivou-se propor um modelo não linear bicompartimental e identificar entre o modelo proposto e Logístico Bicompartimental (LB), aquele que apresenta maior qualidade de ajuste à curva de cinética de produção cumulativa de gases (PCG). A leitura da produção de gás foi realizada nos tempos 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas, após o início do processo de fermentação in vitro. Os dados gerados foram utilizados para geração dos parâmetros de cada modelo testado com auxílio do pacote stats da ferramenta computacional R versão 4.0.4. Os modelos matemáticos foram submetidos aos seguintes critérios de seleção o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (Raj.), quadrado médio do resíduo (QMR), desvio médio absoluto (DMA) e o critério de informação de Akaike (AIC). Foi demonstrado que o modelo proposto teve melhor desempenho com altos Raj., e menores valores de QMR, AIC e DMA, por apresentar um ajustamento superior no conjunto dos critérios em comparação com o modelo logístico bicompartimental para a predição dos parâmetros de produção cumulativa de gases (PCG) de acordo com a metodologia e condições em que foi desenvolvido o presente estudo.(AU)

Proposal of a non-linear model to adjust in vitro gas production at different incubation times

This work aims to propose a new model named Gompertz-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (GVB), a combination of the models Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy. The GVB models is applied to fit the kinetic curve of cumulative gas production (CGP) of four foods (SS ­ sunflower silage; CS ­ corn silage; and the mixtures 340SS ­ 660 gkg-1 of corn silage and 340 gkg-1 of sunflower silage; and 660SS ­ 340 gkg-1 of corn silage and 660 gkg-1 of sunflower silage). The GVB fit is compared to models Logistic-Von Bertalanffy bicompartmental (LVB) and bicompartmental logistic (BL). All the process studied employed the semi-automatic "in vitro" technique of producing gases used in ruminant nutrition. The gas production readout was performed at times 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 48, 72, and 96 h. The data generated were used to estimate the models' parameters by the least squared method with the iterative Gauss-Newton process. The data fit quality of the models was verified using the adjusted coefficient of determination criterion (), mean residual square (MRS), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). Among the analyzed models, the LVB model presented the best quality of fit evaluators for CS. In contrast, the GVB model showed better quality of fit to describe CGP over time for 340SS, 660SS, and SS, presenting the highest values of () and the lowest values of MSR, AIC, and MAD.

Detection of Treponema pallidum in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis by the polymerase chain reaction

ABSTRACT Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and serological analysis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests may vary depending on the type of test and stage of the infection. In order to overcome this premise, this study utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. pallidum DNA in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis. The blood samples from patients with or without symptoms of syphilis, but with positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included in this study. A venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was performed for all collected sera samples. For PCR, the T. pallidum DNA was extracted from the collected blood samples and a specific primer set was designed to amplify 131 nucleotides of polA (Tp0105). The specificity of the primers was evaluated with the DNA of 17 different pathogens. From a total of 314 blood samples reactive in ELISA, 58.2% (183/314) of the samples were reactive in the VDRL test. In the PCR, 54% (168/314) of the ELISA-reactive samples were positive. In both tests (VDRL and PCR) 104 samples were positive. Of 104 positive samples for both tests, 71 were at the latent stage. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PCR with the designed set of primers can be utilized as a diagnostic method for T. pallidum detection in blood samples of patients with syphilis, especially those with latent infection. In addition, it can be utilized as a supplement for serological methods to improve the diagnosis of syphilis.

Intestinal malrotation, mesocolic hernia, and Meckel diverticulum - differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults: case report and literature review

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly caused by incomplete rotation or absence of rotation of the primitive intestine along the axis of the upper mesenteric artery during embryonic development. Embryonic development and its anatomical variations were described by Dott in 1923. Intestinal malrotation is a rare condition among adults - prevalent in a mere 0.0001% to 0.19% of the population -, and it may be associated with other anatomical deformities. It can be asymptomatic or manifest with varying intensity, from obstruction to necrosis of intestinal segments. In general, this abnormality is diagnosed in the first year of life; however, symptomsmay appear later in life,making diagnosis in adults difficult on account of non-specific symptoms. In the present study, we report a case of intestinal malrotation associated with chronic non-specific symptoms progressing to mesenteric angina. (AU)

Meningeal Carcinomatosis for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Chronic SubduralHematoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Cerebral metastases are the most common cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). Meningeal infiltration by neoplasms that did not originate in the CNS is a rare fact that is present in 0.02% of the autopsies. Epidemiologically, the radiological presentation mimicking a subdural hematoma is even more uncommon. We report a case of meningeal carcinomatosis by an adenocarcinoma of the prostate mimicking a chronic subdural hematoma. Case Report A 60-year-old male patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011. He underwent radical resection of the prostate, as well as adjuvant hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. Five years later, the patient presented peripheral facial paralysis that evolved with vomiting and mental confusion. Tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans confirmed the subdural collection. At surgery, the dura was infiltrated by friable material of difficult hemostasis. The anatomicopathological examination showed atypical epithelial cells. The immunohistochemistry was positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other keymarkers, and it was conclusive for meningeal carcinomatosis by a prostate adenocarcinoma.

Leukocytes and albumin in canine leishmaniasis

Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. The circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL). For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for L. infantum and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 ± 4.93; 13.41 ± 3.60, respectively) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 ± 5.13; 10.42 ± 3.69, respectively) (P = 0.015 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45 ± 3.76) than in healthy dogs (3.39 ± 1.19) (P < 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07, respectively) when compared to CD (2.36 ± 0.55) (P < 0.0001). As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in progressive inflammatory response. Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to Leishmania infantum. Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL. In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL.(AU)

"Mão na cabeça!": abordagem policial, racismo e violência estrutural entre jovens negros de três capitais do Nordeste / "Hands up!": Police stop-and-frisk, racism and structural violence among black youth from three capitals in the Brazilian Northeast

Resumo A intersecção entre raça, classe social, pertencimento territorial e perfil etário tem sido determinante na produção dos critérios de suspeição na prática policial brasileira. Jovens negros, pobres e moradores de favelas configuram o público alvo das abordagens policiais. Propõe-se, neste artigo, apresentar os resultados do estudo que explorou experiências e percepções de jovens negros(as) pertencentes a bairros socialmente vulneráveis e/ou com altos índices de violência nas cidades de Salvador, Recife e Fortaleza, relacionadas com abordagem policial. A pesquisa foi guiada pelas seguintes questões: como jovens negros vivenciam e (re)significam a relação com a polícia e, mais especificamente, a abordagem policial? Em que medida marcadores de pertencimento social, tais como perfil racial, classe e território, influenciam no processo de abordagem? Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo através de grupos focais, rodas de conversa e entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens negro(as) de 15 a 29 anos, moradores de bairros periféricos das três capitais referidas. Os dados revelaram que a segregação racial e o racismo, presentes na estrutura e dinâmicas relacionais da sociedade brasileira, assim como sua negação e/ou certa naturalização, influenciam a "tomada de decisão" e o modo de atuar da polícia frente à juventude negra nas três capitais investigadas.

Abstract The intersection between race, social class, territorial belonging and age profile has been decisive in producing the criteria of suspicion employed by Brazilian police. Young blacks who are poor and inhabit favelas are a prime target for police control actions such as the stop-and-frisk. This article presents the results of a study exploring the experiences and perceptions of police approach as voiced by young blacks from neighborhoods that are socially vulnerable and/or have high levels of violence. The study was carried out in the cities of Salvador, Recife and Fortaleza. The research was guided by the following questions: how do young blacks experience and (re)signify their relationship with the police and, more specifically, the police approach? To what extent do social belonging markers, such as racial profile, class and territory, influence the stop-and-frisk process? A qualitative study was carried out by means of focus groups, conversation circles and semi-structured interviews with black youths aged 15 to 29 living in peripheral neighborhoods of the three aforementioned capitals. The data revealed that racial segregation and racism present in the structure and relational dynamics of Brazilian society - as well as its denial and/or naturalization - influence the police's "decision-making" and way of dealing with black youth in the three investigated capitals.

Caracterização e análise dos fatores de risco da transmissão da malária na Amazônia Legal, 2010 - 2015: uma contribuição à saúde global / Characterization and analysis of malaria risk factors transmission in the Legal Amazon, 2010 - 2015 a contribution to global health

A malária continua sendo um problema em saúde global. Nas Américas, em 2017, o Brasil e Venezuela foram os países que mais contribuíram no número de casos. No Brasil, 99% dos casos ocorreram na Amazônia Legal. Apesar dos grandes progressos do Brasil desde 2005, nos últimos anos tem se encontrado um aumento dos casos e a persistência de áreas de alta transmissão. São poucos os estudos epidemiológicos recentes que abordam este problema para a Amazônia Legal. Existem associações entre a transmissão da malária e fatores de risco ambientais e socioeconômicos, mas, existe uma falta de consenso nestes fatores, influenciados pela escala de análise. Objetivo: Caracterizar e analisar os fatores de risco da transmissão da malária nos municípios da Amazônia Legal entre 2010 e 2015. Métodos: Foram utilizados os dados de malária autóctone por município entre 2010 e 2015 da base de dados SIVEP-malária da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Os fatores de risco analisados foram: índice Gini, taxa de analfabetismo, presença de minas, área de reservas indígenas no município, taxa de floresta no município e duração da estação seca. Para a seleção dos fatores de risco ambientais foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada e os fatores socioeconômicos foram embasados na literatura. A unidade espacial foram os 310 municípios dos estados do Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia e Roraima. Os casos de malária foram analisados mediante o Índice Parasitário Anual (IPA) e a incidência mensal através da estratificação local dos dados. Para os fatores de risco uma regressão logística foi executada para um modelo ambiental, socioeconômico e completo, sendo o IPA a variável dependente e estratificando o risco de transmissão em baixo, médio e alto. Resultados: No período 2010 - 2015 houve redução de 61% no IPA, cumprindo a meta proposta pelo Plano Nacional de Controle e Prevenção da Malária no Brasil. No entanto, essa redução não aconteceu de igual forma em todos os municípios, e um conjunto de 13 municípios apresentam um mínimo de 40% dos casos ao longo dos 5 anos. É relevante destacar que tem estados que reduziram o efeito da sazonalidade enquanto outros não. A revisão sistematizada deixou claro que existem divergências na seleção dos fatores de risco ambientais e da influência na transmissão dependendo do espaço tempo e da escala. A análise dos fatores de risco apresentou que os modelos que incluíam fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos tinham um melhor desempenho ao longo dos anos e nos estratos de transmissão. Positivamente o índice Gini e negativamente a duração da estação seca foram os fatores de risco mais importantes para a transmissão. Conclusão: A malária é multifatorial e deve ser abordada tendo em conta o espaço tempo e a escala de atuação, para implementar intervenções eficientemente. As inequidades na população se apresentam como o grande empecilho para obter melhores resultados no seu controle e eliminação, e embora o Brasil tinha feito progressos muito meritórios, não conseguirá acabar com o problema da malária enquanto não aborda-lo como um problema à saúde global que vai além de programas específicos contra a doença

Introduction: Malaria is still a global health problem. In the Americas in 2017, Brazil and Venezuela were the countries that most contributed to the number of cases. In Brazil, 99% of the cases are in the Legal Amazon. In the last years, there has been an increase of cases and areas of high transmission despite the significant progress in Brazil since 2005. Few recent epidemiological studies approached this issue for the Legal Amazon. There is a relationship between malaria transmission and environmental and socioeconomic risk factors. However, there is a lack of consensus on the influence of them due to the scale of analysis. Objective: Characterize and analyze the malaria transmission risk factors in the Legal Amazon municipalities from 2010 to 2015. Methodology: We used data of autochthonous malaria by the municipality from 2010 to 2015, extracted from the SIVEP-malária database from the Bureau of Health Surveillance. We analyzed the following risk factors: Gini index, illiteracy rate, mines presence, areas of indigenous reserve by municipality, forest rate by municipality and length of dry season. A systematized literature review was performed to select the environmental risk factors. Socioeconomic risk factors were selected based on the literature. The 310 municipalities in the states of Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima were our unit of analysis. Local stratification of Annual Parasite Index (API) and monthly incidence were used to analyze the data. Logistic regression was used to perform an environmental, socioeconomic and full model, stratifying by low, moderate and high-risk transmission; the dependent variable API. Results: From 2010 to 2015, there was a 61% API reduction, achieving the Brazilian National Malaria Control and Prevention Plan goal. However, the decline was heterogeneous among municipalities. There are 13 municipalities that at least had the 40% of all cases during the 5 years period. It is relevant to note that some states minimized the seasonality while others do not. The systematized review made clear the divergences to select the risk factors and the influence of them into the transmission due to the space-time and the scale. The full model showed a better performance to analyze the risk factors by strata and transmission intensity. Gini index positively and length of dry season negatively were the most important risk factors. Conclusion: Malaria is a multifactorial disease that has to be approached taking into account the space-time and the scale of analysis to implement effective interventions. Population inequities are the biggest obstacle to obtain better results in malaria control and elimination. Brazil advanced significantly but to end with the problem malaria has to be understood as a global health problem that goes beyond specific disease programs

Testicular schistosomiasis as differential diagnosis for testicular nodules: a case report

Despite its infrequent occurrence, testicular schistosomiasis forming pseudo-tumors can be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular tumors, especially in areas where the parasitic disease is endemic. In this report, we present a case of testicular schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni and mimicking a testicular neoplasm. We describe the patterns of a testicular nodule on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images in a 46-year-old man. The nodule was removed after a pre-operative diagnosis of a non-malignant lesion. Histology demonstrated granulomas with epithelioid macrophages and eosinophils around S. mansoni eggs within a fibrous tissue that formed a nodular structure.

Scleredema associated with Sjögren’s syndrome

Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse swelling and non-pitting induration of the skin usually involving the face, neck, arms and upper trunk. It has been associated with previous infectious diseases, diabetes, paraproteinemia and, more rarely, malignant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of scleredema. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. The association between scleredema and autoimmune disorders has been rarely seen. To our knowledge, there are no other reports describing the association between primary Sjögren’s syndrome and scleredema adultorum of Buschke.

Diagnóstico e tratamento da fístula bronquiobiliar / Review article management of bronchobiliary fistula

Fístula bronquiobiliar (FBB) é uma afecção rara, de alta morbidade e mortalidade, decorrente da comunicação anormal entre a árvore brônquica e a via biliar, sendo a bilioptise um sinal clínico patognomônico. Normalmente está associada a doenças hepatobiliares, mas principalmente ao trauma e complicações de cirurgias hepatobiliares. Devido à gravidade e à complexidade, associadas à baixa incidência, seu manejo é desafiador, não havendo um consenso na literatura. Este trabalho identifica os métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos mais utilizados, e propõe um fluxograma do manejo da FBB com intuito de auxiliar a conduta de novos casos.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare clinical finding, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, characterized by abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree, having bilioptysis as a pathognomonic sign. It is usually associated to hepatobiliary diseases, but mostly related to trauma and as a complication of hepatobiliary surgery. Due to the low incidence, complexity and gravity, its management is a challenge, and little consensus on its diagnosis and treatment exists. We identified the most used diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and propose a flowchart that could assist in the management of news cases.

Etnopedologia: uma abordagem das etnociências sobre as relações entre as sociedades e os solos / Ethnopedology: an ethnosciences approach on relations between societies and soils

A avaliação do conjunto de conhecimentos gerados e transmitidos por populações humanas caracteriza-se como o campo de atuação dos estudos etnocientíficos. Esta avaliação de conhecimentos relacionados aos solos e sua associação com recursos naturais, bem como estratégias desenvolvidas para produção são os objetos de estudo da etnopedologia. A utilização de metodologias participativas que promovam a inserção direta dos envolvidos na pesquisa são premissas básicas nos trabalhos etnopedológicos. As áreas de avaliação etnopedológicas relacionam-se, dentre outros aspectos, a nomenclaturas para classificação das terras e práticas de manejo. O crescente desenvolvimento etnopedológico revela o reconhecimento da importância do solo como um recurso limitado e essencial para a vida e reforça uma visão conservacionista importante a ser considerada na construção de trabalhos na área de ciências do solo.

The overall assessment of knowledge produced and transmitted by a human group is set as ethnoscience field. This evaluation of information related to soils and its relation with natural resources, as well as strategies developed to production, are the scope of study from ethnopedology. Participatory methodologies which promote the inclusion of those directly involved are basic assumptions of ethnopedology. Areas of evaluation from ethnopedology studies are related, among other aspects, to nomenclatures for soil classification and management practices. The increasing ethnopedological development reveals soil importance recognition as a limited and essential resource for life and strengthens an important conservationist view to be considered in researches of soil science.

Análise fluoroscópica da movimentação in vivo do insert na ATJ de plataforma rotatória / Fluoroscopic analysis of in vivo movement of the insert in rotating platform TKA

OBJETIVO: Confirmar por análise fluoroscópica a movimentação rotacional do insert de polietileno em artroplastias totais de joelho (ATJ) de plataforma rotatória, após um tempo pós operatório mínimo de seis meses, foram estudados 15 joelhos, submetidos a ATJ de plataforma rotatória, com a prótese NEW WAVE, da LEPINE. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado para a avaliação da rotação do insert de polietileno através de um aparelho de fluoroscopia numa visão anteroposterior do joelho com 90º de flexão. Caso a imagem do marcador radiopaco do polietileno permanecesse inalterada, ou seja, acompanhasse o fêmur, era considerado então que a rotação estaria ocorrendo entre o insert e o componente tibial. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 joelhos analisados, 14 apresentaram movimentação demonstrável do insert de polietileno, totalizando 93,3 por cento. Para que a ATJ de plataforma rotatória mantenha seu potencial é necessário que a movimentação rotacional do insert de polietileno se mantenha com o tempo. CONCLUSÃO: Com estudo dessa amostra concluiu-se que a rotação se mantém de forma consistente (93 por cento). Sugerindo que a ATJ de plataforma rotatória tem efetivamente o potencial de apresentar menor desgaste do polietileno pela maior congruência articular, em relação à ATJ de apoio fixo, além da vantagem de auto-alinhamento do mecanismo extensor.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm by fluoroscopic analysis the rotational movement of the polyethylene insert in rotating platform total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after a minimum postoperative time of six months. Fifteen knees submitted to rotating platform TKA with the LEPINE NEW WAVE prosthesis were studied. METHODS: A fluoroscopic appliance in an anterior-posterior view of the proximal tibia was used to evaluate the rotation of the polyethylene insert, with the knee at a 90º flexion. If the image of the polyethylene radiopaque marker remained unchanged, i.e. if it accompanied the femur, then it was considered that rotation was occurring between the insert and the tibial component. RESULTS: Of the fifteen knees analyzed, fourteen displayed demonstrable movements of the polyethylene insert, totaling 93.3 percent. For the rotating platform TKA to maintain its potential, the rotating movements of the polyethylene insert must be maintained over time. CONCLUSION: The study of this sample demonstrated that the rotation is consistently maintained (93 percent). This confirmation suggests that rotating platform TKA effectively has the potential to present lower polyethylene wear due to the higher articulation congruence, compared with fixed support TKA, besides having the additional advantage of self-alignment of the extensor mechanism.

A utilização de enxerto alógeno nas reconstruções ligamentares do joelho / Use of allograft in ligamentar reconstruction of knee

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização de enxerto alógeno é um tema que há décadas desperta interesse dos ortopedistas devido às supostas vantagens que apresenta, como diminuição do tempo cirúrgico, maior tamanho de enxerto, ausência de morbidade do sítio doador. OBJETIVO: O artigo a seguir faz análise retrospectiva da casuística do grupo de joelho do IOT-HC-FMUSP no uso de enxerto de banco de tecido próprio para reconstruções ligamentares. Serão apresentados as indicações de uso de enxerto alógeno e qual tipo de enxerto foi utilizado para cada tipo de reconstrução ligamentar. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados prontuários de 46 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Usados como enxerto 30 unidades de tendão patelar, 09 unidades de tendão tibial anterior, 08 unidades de tendão calcâneo, 06 unidades de tendão quadriceptal e 01 unidade de tendão fibular e foram usados principalmente para reconstruções multi-ligamentares e revisões de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de enxerto alógeno mostrou-se uma interessante opção para as reconstruções ligamentares.

INTRODUCTION: The use of allograft is a matter of huge interest for orthopaedic surgeons, due to the supposed advantages with its use, like decreased surgical time, larger grafts and no donator site morbidity. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article was to review our experience with the use of allografts on ligament reconstruction. We present the technique applied for graft harvest, preparation and storage, as well as the indications for allograft use and the type of procedure in which it was applied. METHODS: We revised the records of 46 patients. RESULTS: We used 09 patellar tendons, 09 anterior tibial tendons, 08 calcaneal tendons, 06 quadriceptal tendons and 01 fibular tendon, mainly for multiple ligamentar reconstructions and ACL reviews. CONCLUSION: The use of allograft seems to be an interesting option for ligamentar reconstruction.