ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The development of osteoporosis is associated with several risk factors, such as genetic structures that affect bone turnover and bone mass. The impact of genetic structures on osteoporosis is not known. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 regulates the bone matrix and bone balance. This study assessed the correlation between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphisms and osteoporosis in a population of Turkish women. METHODS: A total of 195 postmenopausal female patients who were diagnosed with osteoporosis (Group I) based on bone mineral density measurements via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and 90 females with no osteoporosis (Group II) were included in this study. Correlations between PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphisms and osteoporosis were investigated through the identification of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: No significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency of 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 polymorphisms were observed between the two groups, and both groups exhibited the most frequently observed 4G5G genotype. CONCLUSION: No correlation between the development of osteoporosis in the female Turkish population and 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene polymorphisms was observed.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/genetics , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Absorptiometry, Photon , Bone Density/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/blood , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Statistics, Nonparametric , TurkeyABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of needle stick sharps injuries [NSSIs] and the frequency of vaccination, and to determine the risk of exposure to hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] infections. We found 14 NSSIs-related studies conducted between January 1996 and January 2006 in Turkey. Out of those, 10 studies selected according to systematic review were related to vaccination. Analyses were prepared using a Meta Regression Analysis. In 14 case-control studies, the rate of NSSIs among nurses for the last year was found to be 64%. The frequency of injury among nurses aged 30 and below when compared to that of nurses aged 31 and over was 1.071-fold higher. The frequency of vaccination among nurses in the age of 30 and under was 1.01-fold lower when compared to those in the age of 31 and over. We conclude that the prevention of NSSIs through education and training of nurses, especially younger nurses, is of great importance