ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D concentrations and smoking status in cardiac structure and function. Methods: The participants of this study were healthy women smokers (n = 18, mean age 52.8 years), ex-smokers ( n = 18, mean age 51.7 years), and never smokers ( n = 19, mean age 44.4 years). All participants underwent assessment of body composition, dietary intake, sun exposure frequency, vitamin D serum determination, and echocardiographic assessment. All data underwent statistical analysis. Results: The three groups were classified as overweight. The group of ex-smokers showed significantly higher vitamin D serum concentrations. Smoker group showed a higher posterior wall thickness (PW), left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). We identified positive correlations between LVMI and smoking history, PW and vitamin D serum, and body mass index and time of smoking history. Multiple linear regressions showed positive association of smoking history and LVMI and PW, also that serum vitamin D has a positive association with PW. PW was associated with smoking history and serum vitamin D, showing a deleterious effect on the heart of both variables. Conclusions: Smoking habit in adult women was associated with cardiac remodeling, and excess of vitamin Dis associated with the action of smoking on cardiac variables. Thus, higher serum vitamin D values have a deleterious effect on the heart in this model.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control , Smoking/adverse effects , Vitamin D/analysis , Vitamin D/therapeutic useABSTRACT
O tabagismo é fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos experimentais e clínicos mostraram que a inalação da fumaça do cigarro leva a alterações funcionais e morfológicas no coração e está associado negativamente com as concentrações de vitamina D séricas. Além disso, há relatos da associação da vitamina D e remodelação cardíaca. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi verificar se a concentração sérica de vitamina D e hábito tabágico explicam as variáveis funcionais e estruturais cardíacas em mulheres fumantes e ex-fumantes comparados a mulheres saudáveis. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, no qual foram avaliadas 55 mulheres, sendo 19 que nunca fumaram (controle, 44,4±11 anos), 18 fumantes ativas (52,8±7 anos) e 18 ex-fumantes (51,7±8 anos). Foram avaliadas pressão arterial, questionário de exposição solar, ingestão alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas em triplicata), composição corporal (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferências (braço, cintura, abdominal e quadril), densidade mineral óssea, massa gorda e massa magra por absortometria por raios X de dupla energia (DEXA)), análise laboratorial (concentrações séricas de cálcio, colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, creatinina, ureia, glicose, hemoglobina glicada, proteína C-reativa, proteínas totais e frações, paratormônio (PTH), vitamina D (25(OH)D) e hemograma), ecocardiograma e espirometria. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos descritivos, comparações de grupo, proporções, correlações e regressão linear múltipla, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Nos três grupos, a classificação do IMC foi sobrepeso e foram observados valores de circunferência abdominal e relação cintura/quadril maiores do que os pontos de corte para mulheres saudáveis em todos os grupos. Não houve diferença entre as variáveis de composição corporal...
Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and clinical studies showed that the smoke inhalation of cigarette smoke leads to functional and morphological changes in the heart and this is negatively associated with serum vitamin D concentrations. In addition, there are reports of the association between vitamin D and cardiac remodeling. Thus, the objective was to determine whether the serum concentration of vitamin D and smoking habits explain the structural and functional cardiac variables in women and ex-smokers women compared to healthy women. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study in which 55 women were evaluated, 19 never smokers (control, 44,4±11 years), 18 active smokers (52,8±7 years) and 18 ex-smokers (51,7±8 years). It was evaluated the blood pressure, sun exposure questionnaire, dietary intake (24-hour recall in triplicate), body composition (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), circumferences (arm, waist, abdominal) and hip, bone mineral density, fat mass and fat-free mass X-ray absorptiometry dual energy absorptiometry (DXA)), laboratory analysis (serum calcium, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, total proteins and fractions, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamina D (25(OH)D) and blood test), echocardiogram and spirometry. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, group comparisons, proportions, correlations and multiple linear regression, with significance level of 5%. Results: In three groups, BMI classification was overweight and values of waist circumference and waist/hip higher than the cutoffs for healthy women in all groups were observed. There was no difference between body composition variables. The concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol were higher in the group ex-smoker...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/blood , Smoking/adverse effects , Vitamin D/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
O tabagismo é fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos experimentais e clínicos mostraram que a inalação da fumaça do cigarro leva a alterações funcionais e morfológicas no coração e está associado negativamente com as concentrações de vitamina D séricas. Além disso, há relatos da associação da vitamina D e remodelação cardíaca. Sendo assim, o objetivo foi verificar se a concentração sérica de vitamina D e hábito tabágico explicam as variáveis funcionais e estruturais cardíacas em mulheres fumantes e ex-fumantes comparados a mulheres saudáveis. Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, no qual foram avaliadas 55 mulheres, sendo 19 que nunca fumaram (controle, 44,4±11 anos), 18 fumantes ativas (52,8±7 anos) e 18 ex-fumantes (51,7±8 anos). Foram avaliadas pressão arterial, questionário de exposição solar, ingestão alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas em triplicata), composição corporal (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferências (braço, cintura, abdominal e quadril), densidade mineral óssea, massa gorda e massa magra por absortometria por raios X de dupla energia (DEXA)), análise laboratorial (concentrações séricas de cálcio, colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, creatinina, ureia, glicose, hemoglobina glicada, proteína C-reativa, proteínas totais e frações, paratormônio (PTH), vitamina D (25(OH)D) e hemograma), ecocardiograma e espirometria. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos descritivos, comparações de grupo, proporções, correlações e regressão linear múltipla, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Nos três grupos, a classificação do IMC foi sobrepeso e foram observados valores de circunferência abdominal e relação cintura/quadril maiores do que os pontos de corte para mulheres saudáveis em todos os grupos. Não houve diferença entre as variáveis de composição corporal...
Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and clinical studies showed that the smoke inhalation of cigarette smoke leads to functional and morphological changes in the heart and this is negatively associated with serum vitamin D concentrations. In addition, there are reports of the association between vitamin D and cardiac remodeling. Thus, the objective was to determine whether the serum concentration of vitamin D and smoking habits explain the structural and functional cardiac variables in women and ex-smokers women compared to healthy women. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study in which 55 women were evaluated, 19 never smokers (control, 44,4±11 years), 18 active smokers (52,8±7 years) and 18 ex-smokers (51,7±8 years). It was evaluated the blood pressure, sun exposure questionnaire, dietary intake (24-hour recall in triplicate), body composition (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), circumferences (arm, waist, abdominal) and hip, bone mineral density, fat mass and fat-free mass X-ray absorptiometry dual energy absorptiometry (DXA)), laboratory analysis (serum calcium, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, total proteins and fractions, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamina D (25(OH)D) and blood test), echocardiogram and spirometry. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, group comparisons, proportions, correlations and multiple linear regression, with significance level of 5%. Results: In three groups, BMI classification was overweight and values of waist circumference and waist/hip higher than the cutoffs for healthy women in all groups were observed. There was no difference between body composition variables. The concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol were higher in the group ex-smoker...