ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Analizar la influencia que tiene la aplicación de estrategias de comunicación participativa en el uso adecuado de servicios de saneamiento básico y su incidencia en la salud pública de los pobladores de comunidades de Paucartambo. Explorar las dimensiones políticas y culturales inmersas en los procesos de comunicación entre poblaciones y promotores de salud de las comunidades de estudio Analizar los procesos de intervención en el campo de la comunicación en salud. Métodos: El tipo de investigación es cualitativo y observacional, con un diseño de tipo transversal en base a entrevistas no estructuradas y entrevistas en profundidad, Se utilizó los datos de los Censos Nacionales de Población y Vivienda 2017, 2007- Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) - PERÚ. Resultados: Las entrevistas a profundidad, así como la observación directa, dan como resultado que si bien se han realizado esfuerzos por mejorar la situación del saneamiento básico a través de la instalación de red pública de desagüe, y otras formas como las letrinas y pozos sépticos, además de ser insuficientes, no fueron utilizados adecuadamente, porque no se aplicaron estrategias de comunicación participativa desde la etapa de diagnóstico, hasta la evaluación final, más aun por la falta permanente de actividades de monitoreo y vigilancia, que tienen un rol muy decisivo en la calidad de vida y por tanto en la salud pública Conclusión: Las estrategias de comunicación más utilizadas por las instituciones que tienen el rol de promover el uso adecuado de los servicios de saneamiento básico como las redes públicas de desagüe han sido de carácter vertical como las charlas, la radio, el uso de láminas, precisamente por esta razón no se generaron conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas adecuadas para el uso y la conservación de los mismos, situación que tuvo impactos negativos sobre la salud pública y también ambiental.
Objectives: To analyze the influence that the application of participatory communication strategies has on the adequate use of basic sanitation services and its impact on the public health of the residents of communities in Paucartambo. Explore the political and cultural dimensions immersed in the communication processes between populations and health promoters of the study communities. Analyze the intervention processes in the field of health communication. Methods: The type of research is qualitative and observational, with a cross-sectional design based on unstructured interviews and in-depth interviews. Data from the National Population and Housing Censuses 2017, 2007 - National Institute of Statistics and Informatics were used. (INEI) - PERU. Results: In-depth interviews, as well as direct observation, result in the fact that although efforts have been made to improve the situation of basic sanitation through the installation of a public sewage network, and other forms such as latrines and septic tanks In addition to being insufficient, they were not used properly, because participatory communication strategies were not applied from the diagnostic stage to the final evaluation, even more so due to the permanent lack of monitoring and surveillance activities, which have a very decisive role in the quality of life and therefore in public health Conclusion: The communication strategies most used by institutions that have the role of promoting the adequate use of basic sanitation services such as public sewage networks have been of a vertical nature such as those talks, radio, the use of pictures, precisely for this reason, adequate knowledge, attitudes and practices were not generated s for their use and conservation, a situation that had negative impacts on public and environmental health.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Aim: To describe the characteñstics ofpatients with the diagnosis ofHUS in Chile, and to identify the most reliable early predictors oímorbidity and moñality. Material and methods: The clinical records ofpatients with HUS aged less than 15 years, attended between January 1990 and December 2003 in 15 hospitals, were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, hematological parameters, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: A cohort of 587 patients aged 2 to 8 years, 48 percent males, was analyzed. Ninety two percent had diarrhea. At the moment of diagnosis, anuria was observed in 39 percent of the patients, hypertension in 45 percent and seizures in 17 percent. Forty two percent required renal replacement therapy (RRT) and perítoneal dialysis was used in the majoríty of cases (78 percent). The most frequently isolated etiological agentwas Escherichia coli. Mortality rate was 2.9 percent in the acute phase of the disease and there was a positive correlation between mortality and anuria, seizures, white blood cell count (WCC) >20.000/mm³ and requirements of renal replacement therapy (p <0.05). Twelve percent of patients evolved to chronic renal failure and the risk factors during the acute phase were the need for renal replacement therapy, anuria, WCC >20.000/mm³, seizures and hypertension. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes important clinical and epidemiological aspeets ofHUSin a Chilean pediatricpopulation.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/etiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications , Acute Kidney Injury , Anuria/epidemiology , Anuria/therapy , Child Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/mortality , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/therapy , Hospitalization , Logistic Models , Prognosis , Renal Dialysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
La Enfermería ha evolucionado gracias al desarrollo de las teorías que son parte fundamental para el sustento del conocimiento de la disciplina. En este sentido, nacen por la necesidad de delimitar el objeto de estudio, por tener un cuerpo de conocimientos propio, diferenciarse de la práctica médica, y pasar de una ocupación a profesión. Actualmente existe un pluralismo teórico que refleja esa evolución, teniendo como resultado una amplia gama de posibilidades para guiar el cuidado al paciente.
The Nursing has evolved thanks to the development of the theories that are fundamental part for the sustenance of knowledge of the discipline. In this sense, they are born by the necessity to delimit the study object, to have an own body of knowledge, to be different themselves from the medical practice, and to happen of an occupation to profession. At the moment a theoretical pluralism exists that reflects that evolution, having like result an ample range of possibilities to guide the care the patient.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Knowledge , Nursing , Nursing TheoryABSTRACT
A retrospective study was done to determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies in terms of their origin, course, and structure. The clinical history, catheterization data and surgical reports of patients undergoing coronary angiography at the Cardiovascular Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, from 1999 to 2004, were analyzed. Thirty-eight patients were identified with a coronary artery anomaly in this population. These anomalies were classified according to their clinical consequences and the need for surgical intervention.