ABSTRACT
Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome [FS] is a chronic pain disorder usually affecting women in their fertile period of life. However, the relationship between FS and pregnancy has not been studied in depth. The effect of FS on the course of pregnancy is poorly investigated in the current literature. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of FS to menarche age, gravidity, parity and duration of breastfeeding
Methods: One hundred and eighty-seven non-pregnant females attending between March 2015-June 2015, to Malatya State Hospital Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic, were included in this prospective study. One hundred eleven [111] of them were diagnosed with FS according to the American Rheumatology Association [ACR] 2010 criteria and were defined as group 1; group 2 comprised of seventy six [76] non-pregnant healthy volunteers. All participants were asked about their menarche age, marriage age, gravidity, parity, duration of breastfeeding by conducting a basic questionnaire survey. Patients' body mass index [BMI] were recorded. Depression parameters were evaluated by Beck Depression Scale [BDS]
Results: The average age of the patients was 39.04 +/- 9.21 [FS] and 38.47 +/- 9.65 [Control] years; first menarche age was at 13.28 +/- 1.38 [FS] and 13.59 +/- 1.54 years [Control], and marriage age was 20.1 +/- 3.62 [FS] and 20.69 +/- 3.90 years [Control], respectively. No statistically significant difference was found [p=0.598] between BMI values [FS, 27.76 +/- 4.95; Control 26.90 +/- 4.56 kg/m2]. The results from both groups were similar in terms of gravidity, parity, and breastfeeding duration, with no statistically significant differences [p=0.252, 0.093, 0.075, respectively]. The only significant difference was found in the depression parameter. The BDS results were statistically different between the groups, found higher in FS group [p=0.000]
Conclusion: FS occurs as a result of symptoms such as mood disorder, anxiety, cognitive and sleep disorders, and also hormonal changes; no exact cause has yet been established. The syndrome usually occurs during fertile period of young female. According to the findings of our study, FS has no negative effect on the outcome of gravidity, parity, and duration of breastfeeding in Turkish women. Further studies about the effects of FS on the course of pregnancy are required
ABSTRACT
This study has dealt with the effects of gemfibrozil and vitamin E [vit E] therapies on lipoprotein levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant statuses of the elderly and young hyperlipidemic subjects. This study took place in the Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Turkey between 2004-2005. This study was carried out on 99 hyperlipidemic and 40 control subjects. Subjects were divided into 2 groups; elderly hyperlipidemic [n=65] and young hyperlipidemic [n=34]. In the young and elderly hyperlipidemic subjects of the first group treated only with vit E [600 mg/day] for one month. In the young and elderly hyperlipidemic subjects of the second group were treated only with gemfibrozil [600 mg/twice daily] for one month. The 2 therapies of vit E and gemfibrozil were then combined and applied to the third group of our study. Reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], total cholesterol [total chol], serum low density lipoprotein [LDL], high density lipoprotein [HDE], triglyceride [TG], vit E, malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD] levels of the 3 groups were measured. In elderly hyperlipidemic therapy group: vit E groups, the post-treatment vit E levels increased. In the gemfibrozil groups, post-treatment TG level decreased whereas HDL level increased. In the vit E plus gemfibrozil groups, post-treatment TG level decreased, HDL, and vit E levels increased. In young hyperlipidemic therapy group: vit E groups, the post-treatment HDL, vit E, GSH, GPX levels increased whereas LDL, MDA, levels decreased. In the gemfibrozil groups, post-treatment TG, LDL decreased, HDL level increased. In the vit E plus gemfibrozil groups, post-treatment TG, LDL, MDA levels decreased whereas HDL, vit E, GSH levels increased. When combined, gemfibrozil and vit E are effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases