ABSTRACT
RACIONAL: Crianças portadoras de distúrbios neurológicos têm maior incidência de refluxo e, em geral, não apresentam melhora da sintomatologia com tratamento clínico, necessitando de intervenção cirúrgica. OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados da operação antirefluxo em crianças normais e com comprometimento neurológico, identificando as principais complicações e causas de reoperação. MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte crianças portadores de refluxo foram distribuídas em dois grupos de estudo: Grupo I - 60 crianças normais; Grupo II - 60 crianças com comprometimento neurológico. Exame contrastado do esôfago, estômago e duodeno, endoscopia digestiva alta com biópsia, pHmetria esofágica de 24 horas e cintilografia foram os exames utilizados no diagnóstico e na avaliação da eficácia da operação antirefluxo. Todos os pacientes operados eram refratários ao tratamento clínico. O procedimento cirúrgico antirefluxo realizado foi predominantemente a fundoplicatura de Lind, sendo associada à gastrostomia em 55% dos pacientes do Grupo II. RESULTADOS: No Grupo II a indicação cirúrgica foi significantemente mais precoce que no Grupo I. A principal causa de indicação cirúrgica entre neuropatas foi o alto comprometimento do desenvolvimento neuropsíquico-motor e as pneumonias de repetição. O tempo de internação, as reoperações e a necessidade de dilatações esofágicas no pós-operatório foi maior no Grupo II (p<0,01). Ocorreram três óbitos no pós-operatório tardio no Grupo II (sepse e infecção respiratória grave). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico adotado foi satisfatório para o tratamento cirúrgico do refluxo nos dois grupos de pacientes. Porém, torna-se necessário o aprofundamento dos estudos acerca da população de crianças neuropatas portadoras de refluxo, uma vez que estas respondem de forma menos favorável ao procedimento cirúrgico, principalmente no que se refere às taxas de mortalidade, recorrência dos sintomas respiratórios, índice de reoperações e gravidade das complicações pós-operatórias.
BACKGROUND: Children with neurological disorders present a higher incidence of reflux, and generally symptoms do not get better with clinical treatment, making surgical interventions a necessary action. AIM: To compare the results of the anti-reflux surgery in normal children and in those with neurological disorders, identifying the leading complications and causes of re-operation. METHODS: One hundred and twenty children with gastroesophageal reflux were distributed into two groups of study: Group I - 60 normal children; Group II - 60 children with neurological disorders. Barited contrast of aesophagus, stomach and duodenum, high endoscopy with biopsy, 24 hours esophageal pHmetry and cintilography were the tests utilized in the diagnosis and evaluation of the efficacy of the surgery. All operated patients were refractory to clinical treatment prior to surgery. The anti-reflux surgery performed was Lind fundoplication, being associated to gastrostomy in 55% of the Group II patients. RESULTS: In Group II, surgery was indicated earlier than Group I. Among neuropaths, their highly affected neural psyquic motor development and repeated pneumonia were the main causes of surgery indication. Hospitalization time, number of re-operations and the need for post-operation esophageal dilatation were greater in Group II (p<0.01). Three deaths occurred in Group II during late post-operative period (sepsis and severe respiratory infection). CONCLUSION: The procedure performed is satisfactory for surgical reflux treatment. However, further studies of neuropath children population with reflux are imperative as they respond less favorably to surgery with regard to mortality rates, recurrence of respiratory symptoms, re-operation rates and severity of post-operative complications.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To detect factors associated with cardiovascular mortality in the elderly of Botucatu. METHODS: We evaluated 29 variables of interest in a cohort of patients aged ³60 using data from a survey conducted between 1983/84. The elderly cohort was analyzed in 1992 to detect the occurrence of cardiovascular deaths. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. Three models were adapted for each group of variables, and a final model was chosen from those variables selected from each group. RESULTS: We identified predictor for cardiovascular death according to age for elderly males not supporting the family, not possessing a vehicle, and previous cardiovascular disease. In elderly females, the predictor variables were previous cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic indicators (family heading and vehicle ownerrship) may be added to well stabilished medical factors (diabete mellitus and hypertension to select target groups for programs intended to reduce deaths due to cardiovascular diseases in elderly people