ABSTRACT
This article gives an overview on the varied aspects of biodiversity and the possibilities of access and handling of the genetic patrimony of microorganisms as well as plants, animals and human beings as regards the existing judicial support to regulate these relations. The theoretical view as well as the evolution of Law itself in the accompaniment of this innovating and at the same time frighteming technological and scientific reality shows us the need for a wider consciousness and preparation not only of the judicial actors but also of whole Humanity in order to be able to receive this reality in a just and equanimous form for all. Therefore, in spite of the difficulties faced worldwide, the Brazilian judicial system is standing out among the Latin American countries exctly because it is responsible for one of the greatest relics on Earth: The Amazonian forest, because it is an extremely interesting consumer market for First Worls countries and because of its rich human diversity due to the great cultural miscigenation originating in a recent past. Brazil, today, may be considered one of the most promising countries and therefore must be the most cautious concerning the questions of Genetic Engineering which will emerge in this new approaching millenium.