ABSTRACT
Introdução: As vulvovaginites são uma das principais queixas no atendimento rotineiro de ginecologia. O diagnóstico correto e o tratamento precoce dessas afecções são importantes além de prevenir possíveis repercussões no trato genital superior. Objetivo: Conhecer as características clínicas e a prevalência das vulvovaginites. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de natureza exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa sobre mulheres que foram atendidas na Unidade de Atendimento de um Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Sistema Integrado de Saúde (SIS) na Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, no período de setembro de 2014 a maio de 2015. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, queixas clínicas, exame ginecológico e achados no exame a fresco. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Do total de 200 pacientes atendidas no ambulatório, 66 (33%) foram selecionadas para realização do exame a fresco. A leucorreia fisiológica foi diagnosticada em 35 pacientes (53,0%), a vaginose bacteriana em 24 (36,5%), a candidíase em 6 (9,0%) e a tricomoníase em 1 (1,5%). Na vaginose bacteriana leucorreia com odor fétido, na candidíase leucoréia grumosa branca, prurido, ardência, vulva eritematosa e dispaurenia foram significativos para o diagnóstico (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Observou-se que a faixa etária das mulheres acometidas por vulvovaginites foi compatível com a literatura, predominando em idade reprodutiva. Constatou-se que a vaginose bacteriana foi a mais diagnosticada e que a leucorreia com odor fétido foi o sintoma estatisticamente significativo para o diagnóstico. Da mesma forma, a candidíase, com leucorreia grumosa branca, prurido, ardência, vulva eritematosa e dispareunia. (AU)
Introduction: vulvovaginitis are one of the main complaints in the routine care of gynecology. The proper diagnosis and early treatment are important to the patient and prevent possible repercussions in the upper genital tract. Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and the prevalence of vulvovaginitis. Methods: Cross-sectional study of exploratory and descriptive, quantitative approach, by applying a structured questionnaire and conducting fresh examination in women who were treated at the Unit Clinical Care of Gynecology of the Integrated Health System (IHS) at the University of Santa Cruz do Sul, from September 2014 to May 2015. The variables analyzed were: age, symptoms, gynecological examination and findings in fresh examination. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0. Results: From a total of 200 patients seen at the clinic, 66 (3.3%) were selected for the performance of the fresh examination. The most common query reason was the collection of cytological (56.0%). Physiological leukorrhea was diagnosed in 35 patients (53.0%), bacterial vaginosis in 24 (36.5%), candidiasis 6 (9.0%) and trichomoniasis in 1 (1.5%). In bacterial vaginosis, a vaginal discharge with foul odor was a significant symptom for diagnosis, in candidiasis, white crumbly leukorrhea, pruritus, burning sensation, dyspareunia, vulvar erythema were also significant for diagnosis (p <0.05). Conclusions: It was observed that the age of women affected by vulvovaginites was consistent with the literature, predominantly at reproductive age. It was found that bacterial vaginosis was the most diagnosed and that foul-smelling vaginal discharge was a statistically significant (p<0.05) symptom for diagnosis. Likewise, in the case of candidiasis, crumbly white leukorrhea, pruritus, burning, vulvar erythema and dyspareunia were statistically significant for diagnosis and considered the cardinal symptoms of vulvovaginites. (AU)