ABSTRACT
Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Speleological Province of the Ribeira Valley: 3. Area of hostels for tourists who visit the Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study characterizes some ecological aspects of the phlebotomine fauna in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) situated in the Serra district, Iporanga municipality where the hostels for tourists visiting the PETAR are located. Captures were undertaken on a smallholding and a small farm situated near the hostels, monthly between January/2001 and December/2003 with automatic light traps (ALT) in pigsty, hen-house and veranda of a domicile at the two sites, and in peridomicile of the small farm also with black/white Shannon traps. With the ALT a total of 87,224 phlebotomines representing 19 species and also two hybrids of Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) and two anomalous specimens were captured. The standardized index species abundance was for Ny. intermedia = 1.0 and Ny. neivai = 0.935. The highest frequencies of the smallholding occurred in the pigsty, the Williams' mean/capture for Ny. intermedia being 63.7 specimens and for Ny. neivai 29.2, and on the small farm, in the hen-house, Ny. intermedia 402.6 and Ny. neivai 116.2. A total of 863 phlebotomines (Ny. intermedia: 75.4 percent; Ny. neivai: 24.3 percent) were captured with black/white Shannon traps; females of both species being predominant in the white trap. The high frequencies of Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai, both implicated in CL transmission, indicate the areas presenting risk of the disease.
Phlebotominae (Diptera, Psychodidae) na Província Espeleológica do Vale do Ribeira: 3. Área de pousadas para turistas que visitam o Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar alguns aspectos ecológicos da fauna flebotomínea em área endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar situada do Bairro Serra, município de Iporanga, onde se situam pousadas para turistas que visitam o PETAR. As capturas foram realizadas em uma chácara e em um sítio, mensalmente, entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2003, com armadilhas automáticas luminosas (AAL) em chiqueiro, galinheiro e varanda do domicílio de ambos os locais, e no sítio, também com armadilhas de Shannon branca/preta. Capturou-se com as AALs um total de 87.224 flebotomíneos, representando 19 espécies, mais dois híbridos de Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) e Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) e dois espécimes anômalos. Ny. intermedia apresentou o índice de abundância das espécies padronizado = 1,0 e Ny. neivai = 0,935. Na chácara, ambas predominaram no chiqueiro, com a média geométrica de Williams/captura para Ny. intermedia = 63,7 espécimes e para Ny. neivai = 29,2, e no sítio, no galinheiro, Ny. intermedia = 402,6 e Ny. neivai = 116,2. Capturou-se nas armadilhas de Shannon branca/preta 863 flebotomíneos: Ny. intermedia (75,4 por cento) e Ny. neivai (24,3 por cento), as fêmeas sendo significativamente predominantes na branca. As altas freqüências de Ny. intermedia e Ny. neivai, ambas implicadas na transmissão de agente da leishmaniose tegumentar, indicam risco de transmissão da doença na área.
ABSTRACT
The dispersal and survival of the phlebotomines Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai (both implicated as vectors of the cutaneous leishmaniasis agent) in an endemic area was investigated using a capture-mark-release technique in five experiments from August-December 2003 in municipality of Iporanga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 1,749 males and 1,262 females of Ny. intermedia and 915 males and 411 females of Ny. neivai were marked and released during the five experiments. Recapture attempts were made using automatic light traps, aspiration in natural resting places and domestic animal shelters and Shannon traps. A total of 153 specimens (3.48 percent) were recaptured: 2.59 percent (78/3,011) for Ny. intermedia and 5.35 percent (71/1,326) for Ny. neivai. Both species were recaptured up to 144 h post-release, with the larger part of them recaptured within 48 h. The median dispersion distances for Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai, respectively, were 109 m and 100 m. The greatest dispersal range of Ny. intermedia was 180 m, while for Ny. neivai one female was recaptured in a pasture at 250 m and another in a pigsty at 520 m, showing a tendency to disperse to more open areas. The daily survival rates calculated based on regressions of the numbers of marked insects recaptured on the six successive days after release were 0.746 for males and 0.575 for females of Ny. intermedia and 0.649 for both sexes of Ny. neivai. The size of the populations in the five months ranged from 8,332-725,085 for Ny. intermedia males, 2,193-104,490 for Ny. intermedia females, 1,687-350,122 for Ny. neivai males and 254-49,705 for Ny. neivai females.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors/physiology , Psychodidae/physiology , Brazil , Endemic Diseases , Insect Vectors/classification , Longevity , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Psychodidae/classificationABSTRACT
The capture of a new species of the subgenus Migonemyia Galati, 1995 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), Migonemyia vaniae sp. nov. in the Ribeira Valley, state of São Paulo, Brazil, together with the other two species: Mg. migonei (França, 1920) and Mg. rabelloi (Galati & Gomes, 1992) lead us to review this subgenus. The new species was described and illustrated. The genitalia of the two other species were also illustrated and some genital characteristics (number of setae on the gonocoxite tuft, ejaculatory ducts and pump and ducts/pump ratio; and number of setae on the tergite VIII of the females) considered important to differentiate the three species, including five populations of Mg. migonei (from Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions and of Peru) were submitted to variance analyses. The Mg. migonei population of Northeastern Brazilian region showed distinct smaller values (P < 0.05) than the other Brazilian populations studied as regarding these characteristics. The capture of both sexes of these three species in sympatry confirms the association between the sexes of Mg. rabelloi, recognised as doubtful when this species was originally described. Identification keys for male and female of the three species are presented.