ABSTRACT
Adequate nutrition during the first two years is important and ensures an adequate development in the human being. The following research evaluates the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) for children under 5 years old, hosted by Ecuador in 2002. The tool applied was established by the Asia Group of The International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), which was called the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi). WBTi establishes a framework for assessing the compliance that a country has made in implementing the Global Strategy, helps key stakeholders plan and make decisions at various levels of action, and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of their policies and programs. The tool was applied in 23 key stakeholders from the main cities of the country and from the governmental and private sectors who were working actively for the Nutrition of Ecuadorian children. They were selected on the basis of their position and experience in the program evaluated and their willingness to participate. According to WBTi, Ecuador's level of compliance is Low. Three of the ten indicators that evaluated policies and programs scored critically; likewise, two of the five indicators that evaluated practices were scored with a critical score. The deficiencies in complying with the National Policies, Programs, and Coordination showed an important impact on their overall compliance, which, together with a short duration of breastfeeding and the extensive use of bottle feeding, significantly affect the Infant and Young Child Feeding(AU)
Una correcta nutrición durante los dos primeros años de vida es importante y asegura un adecuado desarrollo en el ser humano. La siguiente investigación evalúo la situación del país y los avances alcanzados en implementar la Estrategia Mundial para la Alimentación de Lactantes y Niños Pequeños (ALNP) (menores de 5 años); acogida por Ecuador en el año 2002. La herramienta fue establecida por el grupo de Asia de la Red Internacional de Grupos Pro-Alimentación Infantil (IBFAN), quien la denominó WBTi -World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative- (por sus siglas en inglés). La WBTi, establece un marco referencial para evaluar el cumplimiento de un país en relación a la implementación de la Estrategia Mundial para la ALNP y ayuda a actores claves a planificar y tomar decisiones en varios niveles de acción, identificando las fortalezas y debilidades de sus políticas y programas orientados a la protección, promoción y apoyo de la Alimentación del Infante. La herramienta se aplicó en 23 actores claves del sector privado y gubernamental, de las principales ciudades del país y quienes trabajaban activamente por la Nutrición de los niños del Ecuador. Los informantes claves, se seleccionaron en base a su cargo y experiencia en el programa evaluado y su voluntad a participar. Acorde a la WBTi, Ecuador tiene un nivel de cumplimiento bajo. Tres de los diez indicadores que evaluaron las políticas y programas de la ALNP obtuvieron un puntaje crítico; por otro lado, dos de los cinco indicadores que evaluaron las prácticas de la ALNP se calificaron con un puntaje crítico. La falla en las Políticas, Programas y Coordinación Nacional mostraron un impacto importante en el cumplimiento global de la Estrategia, las que conjuntamente con una corta duración de la lactancia materna y el amplio uso de la alimentación con biberón afectan de forma importante la alimentación del infante en el Ecuador(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Breast Feeding , Child Nutrition , Infant Nutrition , Nutritional Requirements , Nutrition Programs and Policies , Diet, Food, and NutritionABSTRACT
Una de cada seis visitas al primer nivel son motivadas por un problema musculoesqueletico. Se analizo la Artritis Reumatoidea (AR) por su prevalencia. La relacion mujer/ varon es de 3/1; entre 30 y 60 años. Produce incapacidad laboral con alto impacto socioeconomico. La terapeutica adecuada se basa en el diagnostico, seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno. Objetivos: caracterizacion epidemiologica de la poblacion con dolor articular (DA) y sospecha de AR. Analizar el tratamiento segun la calidad de atencion. Material y metodos: investigacion descriptiva de corte transversal. La poblacion pertenece a nueve zonas rurales de Tucuman. Se encuestaron personas con DA mayores de 18 años. Se excluyeron personas con enfermedad neurologica y oncologica. Resultados: 342/2807 presentaron DA. Con sospecha de AR 2,2 por ciento, 84 por ciento fue poliarticular, el 70 por ciento consulto menos de 3 veces, 40 por ciento toma DAINES, 14 por ciento drogas de segunda linea y ninguno tratamiento no farmacologico. Conclusion: la prevalencia de DA y AR es considerable. La escasa respuesta de los servicios se evidencia por: bajo numero de consultas, tratamiento farmacologico sintomatico y ausencia de tratamiento no farmacologico; agravandose el pronostico con deterioro de la calidad de vida. La reumatologia debe plantearse estrategias poblacionales para no consentir un desarrollo cientifico limitado a unos pocos
Subject(s)
Arthralgia , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Quality of Health CareABSTRACT
Since April of 1998 a high number of leptospirosis cases were detected, coming from the area of Reconquista Central Hospital in Santa Fe province. Since January of that year a notable increase in rainfall and river levels was observed causing inundation. As screening test, macroscopic agglutination (MAT) using 10 serotypes of L. interrogans. Among the 122 patients studied 71 were TR positive and 52 were also ELISA positive, leptospirosis diagnosis being confirmed in 40 of them. Five infecting serogroups were identified: Icterohaemorrhagiae (7/40), Ballum (5/40), Sejroe (3/40), Pomona (3/40) and Canicola (2/40). In the remaining cases (20/40), co-agglutinins were found at the same titer against two or more serotypes of leptospires. Infection prevalence was higher in men and productive age (21 to 40 years). The clinical symptoms more frequently observed were headache, fever and myalgias. All cases occurred after the rains and in the period when the area was flooded. Their clinical presentation, time distribution, geographical localization and high frequency of contact with the risk factor inundation could indicate that, independently of search activities, there was an outbreak.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Disasters , Disease Outbreaks , Leptospirosis , Animals, Domestic , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Argentina , Leptospira interrogans , Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola , Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona , Leptospirosis , Risk Factors , Rodentia , Seasons , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Serotyping , ZoonosesABSTRACT
In 1919, Houssay and Negrete reported that venoms of Theraphosidae spiders induced neuromuscular blockade. In 1993, a purified toxin from Grammostola spider venom was found to block the P-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), causing neuromuscular blockade. We studied the mode of action of Theraphosa blondii venom, a large Theraphosidae spider from Northern Brazil, Venezuela, and The Guyanas in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. This venom elicited a partially reversible neuromuscular blockade and did not depress directly evoked twitches or alter the membrane potential. Neostigmine produced only a poor antagonistic effect on partially blocked diaphragms. However, completely blocked miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.ps) were reverted by neostigmine. These results can be explained by the presence of toxins in the venom that interact with the endplate receptor at the acetylcholine sites (curareminetic toxins) and toxins that inhibit the P-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) (ômega-toxins). This study shows that Theraphosidae venoms, especially those of the Theraphosa blondii, are a source of curaremimetic toxins and ômega-toxins of possible interest as tools in bioscientific research.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents , Spider Venoms , NeostigmineABSTRACT
Los autores estudian los cambios observados en las internacions de pacientes con UMI dutante el período 1995-1998 en el Hospital Carrasco, con especial referncia a egresos, tiempo de estadía, costos de internación y reinternaciones.Exponen protocolo de internacxión para estos pacientes, haciéndose referencia también a los problemas sociales que estas patologías determinan
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Protocols , Cost of Illness , Hospital Costs/statistics & numerical data , Leg Ulcer/epidemiology , Leg Ulcer/psychology , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Presentamos un caso de neurofibromatosis tipo I, diagnosticado a partir de una consulta por vitiligo en una niña de nueve años de edad
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Neurofibromatoses/classification , Neurofibromatoses/diagnosis , Skin Manifestations , Eye ManifestationsABSTRACT
1. The effects of Phneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) on rabbit vascular smooth muscle have been investigated. De-endothelialized vascular strips were superfused in a cascade system with oxygenated (95 per cent O2 + 5 per cent CO2) Krebs solution at 37 degrees C. 2. Phoneutria nigriventer venom (0.3-30 micrograms) produced dose-dependent and short-lived contractions of both venous (cava, mesenteric and jugular veins) and arterial (pulmonary and mesenteric arteries) tissues. 3. Methysergide (5.0 microM) did not significantly affect PNV-induced contractions in venous tissues (cava and mesenteric veins) or pulmonary artery, indicating that serotonin is not involved in the contraction. This was confirmed when PNV was dialyzed (24-48 h) since the contracting activity was still observed on the above tissues. In addition, the spasmogenic activity induced by dialyzed PNV was greatly reduced by incubating the venom with trypsin. 4. Neither tetrodotoxin (3.0 microM) nor phenoxybenzamine (0.05 microM) significantly affected PNV-induced contractions, suggesting that voltage-dependent sodium channel activation or endogenous catecholamine release from autonomic nerve endings on the vascular walls do not play a role in the response to PNV. 5. Our results demonstrate that PNV contains non-dialyzable components, probably peptides, that are responsible for the contractile activity on rabbit veins and pulmonary artery strips
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Guinea Pigs , Rabbits , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular , Spider Venoms/pharmacology , Spider Venoms/antagonists & inhibitors , Spider Venoms/chemistry , Time Factors , Trypsin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Sao analisados 13 casos de intoxicacao por metoclopramida, internados na Emergencia do Hospital da Crianca Santo Antonio, no periodo de janeiro de 1981 a dezembro de 1982. Sao considerados a dose, a via de administracao, o tempo de inicio dos sintomas e as manifestacoes clinicas. E enfatizado o cuidado necessario quanto a via de administracao e, principalmente, a dose maxima, que nao deve exceder a 0,5mg/kg/ dia.