ABSTRACT
Dorema aucheri is a plant that grows in Iran. In Persian it is called [Bilhar]. This experimental study was carried out at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. After collection and preparation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dorema aucheri [Bilhar], The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bilhar was evaluated against 7 laboratory strains of microorganisms, including 4 Gram positive [Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis] and 3 Gram negative bacteria [Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris]. Its effects against human pathogen microorganism were determined using "Spreading of the Extract on Medium Surface" and "Disk Agar Diffusion Method", Minimal Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Lethal Concentration [MLC] were determined for this extract. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA. The zone of inhibition for the ethanolic extract varied from 8 mm for P. aeruginosa to 24 mm for S. pyogenes and from 7 mm for P. aeruginosa to 19 mm for S.pyogenes in the aqueous extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the extracts ranged between 2 mg/ml and 64 mg/ml while the minimum lethal concentration [MLC] ranged between 4 mg/ml and 256 mg/ml. Among of tested strains, P. aeruginosa has maximum MIC and MBC. 30 and 40 mg/mL Concentrations of Redcurrant have significant antimicrobial effect on bacteria. Antibacterial effect of extracts was decreased with decrease of extract concentration in disk. According to result, ethanolic extract of Dorema aucheri have antimicrobial effect on growth of all of the strains exposed analyzes and antimicrobial effect of that was maximum on Gram-positive bacterum of S. pyogenes. P. aeruginosa showed the highest level of resistance against the aqueous and ethanolic Bilhar extracts. The present study demonstrated that the ethanol leaf extract of Dorema aucheri hold an excellent potential as an antibacterial agent
ABSTRACT
The interest in plants antimicrobial properties has been revived because of the current problems associated with the use of antibiotics. Nowadays, the fact that microorganisms tend to develop drug resistance, besides the side effects of certain antibiotics has offered considerable potentials for the development of new effective antifungal and antioxidant agents; medicinal plants are prolific sources. Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae. The aim of this experimental study is determination of antifungal effect of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Avicennia marina on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum "in vitro". In this study, quantitative bioassay was done using disc diffusion method, Minimum Inhibition Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration [MFC] was carried out using broth dilution methods. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Avicennia marina leaves with "antimicrobial activity method" in 2000 micro g/ml, were inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum. In "disk agar diffusion test" the mentioned extract were shown inhibiti on effect on pathogenic molds growth [p<0.05]. The result showed that MIC of ethanolic extract of Avicenna marina leaves for Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium italicum was 16 and 8 mg/ml respectively. The results showed that MFC of ethanolic extract of Avicenna marina for Aspergillus flavus was 32 mg/ml, and for Penicillium italicum was 16 mg/ml. Ethanolic extract compared to the aqueous extract was more effective and has a greater inhibition effect. This study showed that the extract of Avicennia marina had antifungal effects that justify their traditional use as medicinal plants. Finally, the data suggested that Avicennia marina extracts could have notable antifungal effects