ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi subsidiar um programa sustentável de controle parasitário em um rebanho caprino em São Francisco do Sul, SC, aplicando o Sistema Integrado de Controle Parasitário (SICOPA). Foram utilizados 63 caprinos, distribuídos em nove grupos para teste de eficácia de anti-helmínticos, exames de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), coprocultura, grau Famacha, micro-hematócrito, escore corporal e contagem de larvas no pasto. A redução da OPG 15 dias pós-tratamento com closantel, albendazole, nitroxinil, levamisole, ivermectina+levamisole+albendazol, moxidectina, ivermectina, abamectina e sulfóxido de albendazol foi de 89, 83, 65, 63, 57, 37, 31, 0 e 0%, respectivamente. A média de graus Famacha 1 e 2 no estudo foi de 81%, e de graus 3, 4 e 5 foi de 19%, e não se observou correlação com os valores do micro-hematócrito em razão da prevalência de Trichostrongylus sp. (92%). A contagem de larvas infectantes (L3) na pastagem apresentou valores abaixo de 1000 L3/kg/MS, predominando Trichostrongylus sp. Nenhuma das drogas testadas foi considerada eficaz, evidenciando resistência parasitária múltipla. A aplicação de ferramentas do SICOPA e a adoção de estratégias de manejo e nutrição adequados são fundamentais para estabelecer um programa sanitário sustentável.
The objective of this study was to subsidize a sustainable parasite control program in a flock of goats in São Francisco do Sul, SC, Brazil, applying the integrated system for parasite control. Sixty three adult animals were used in nine groups to perform an anthelmintic efficacy test, faecal egg count (FEC), Famacha method, haematocrit, body condition score, coproculture, and the presence of larvae on pasture. Drug efficacy measured by FEC 15 days post-treatment with closantel, ivermectin + Levamisole + albendazole, albendazole, nitroxinyl, levamisol, abamectin, ivermectin, moxidectin and albendazole was 85, 57, 83, 65, 63, 31, 28, 24 and 0%, respectively. The Famacha score 1 or 2 was given to 81% and scores 3, 4 or 5 were given to 19%, without significant correlation with haematocrit values since the predominant was Trichostrongylus sp. (92%). The count of infective larvae levels on pasture revealed values below 1000 L3/kg/DM predominantly Trichostrongylus sp. None of the tested drugs was effective, showing multiple parasitic resistance. The correct application of the SICOPA and adoption of management strategies and proper nutrition are essential to establish a sustainable health program.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anthelmintics/analysis , Herbicide Resistance , Helminths , Parasitic Diseases , Pest ControlABSTRACT
We report results obtained with sera from 58 chronic chagasic patients that were evaluated for effects on heart rate and atrioventricular (AV) conduction in isolated rabbit hearts and screened for the presence of muscarinic and beta-adrenergic activity. We show that sera from 26 patients decreased heart rate, while 10 increased it and 22 had no effect. Additionally, sera from 20 of the 58 patients blocked AV conduction. Muscarinic activation seems to be involved in both effects, but is not the only mechanism, since atropine did not antagonize the decrease in heart rate in 23 percent of sera or AV block in 40 percent. Sera from patients with complex arrhythmias were significantly more effective in depressing both heart rate and AV conduction. Sera that induce increases in heart rate seem to operate exclusively through beta-adrenergic activation. Two of these sera, evaluated with respect to intercellular communication in primary cultures of embryonic cardiomyocytes were able to block gap junction conductance evaluated by a dye injection technique after 24-h exposure. The mechanisms underlying this uncoupling effect are currently being investigated