ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Evidenciar os fatores predisponentes relativos à ansiedade em minorias sexuais e de gênero na literatura. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A busca dos artigos foi realizada em três bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed/Medline, Scopus e ISI Web of Knowledge . Foram utilizados os descritores " anxiety ", " LGBT people ", " gay ", " bisexual ", " lesbian " e " transgender ", com textos completos, publicados no período de 2013 a 2018, no idioma inglês, e foi usado o operador boleano AND . Resultados Foram encontrados 712 artigos. Cinquenta e oito (58) artigos foram selecionados para serem lidos na íntegra e 13 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão desta revisão. As evidências mostram que a população LGBT apresenta maior risco para transtornos mentais, entre eles a ansiedade, quando comparada aos heterossexuais. O aparecimento dos sinais e sintomas de ansiedade estão relacionados com a vergonha e o comportamento evitativo dessa população devido à forte discriminação e à ausência de apoio social e familiar, o que ocasiona altos níveis de angústia. Apenas dois artigos estudaram menores de 18 anos. Conclusões Os profissionais da saúde devem estar abertos, acolhedores e atentos à saúde mental desse público, visando contribuir com a promoção da saúde, apoio social, familiar e a redução da discriminação.
ABSTRACT Objective To evidence the predisposing factors related to anxiety in sexual and gender minorities in the literature. Methods This is an integrative review. The search of the articles was conducted in three databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge. The descriptors "anxiety", "LGBT people", "gay", "bisexual", "lesbian" and "transgender" were used, with complete texts, published between 2013 and 2018, in the English language, boolean operator AND was used. Results A total of 712 articles were found. Fifty-eight (58) articles were selected to be read in their entirety and 13 met the inclusion criteria of this review. Evidence shows that LGBT people is at higher risk for mental disorders, including anxiety, when compared to heterosexual. The appearance of signs and symptoms of anxiety are related to shame and the avoidant behavior of this population due to the strong discrimination and lack of social and family life, which causes high levels of distress. Only two articles studied minors 18 years old. Conclusions Health professionals should be welcoming and attentive to health mental health of this public, with a view to contributing to health promotion, social and family support and reduction of discrimination.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the socio-demographic profiles, suicidal ideation, the presence of mental disorders and the quality of life of patients using mental health services in Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil. METHOD: Interviews were conducted in family health units and the Psychosocial Attention Center. The sample included 202 mental disorder patients with a risk of suicide attempts, 207 mental disorder patients without a risk of suicide attempts and 196 controls. This study used an identification questionnaire, the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, Beck‘s Suicidal Ideation Scale and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS: Patients who had a mental disorder and a risk of suicide attempts tended to be single, had less education and lower family income, were not working and showed lower scores in quality of life domains; 73 of these patients had suicidal ideation in the previous week. Depressive disorders, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes, social phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotic syndromes and generalized anxiety disorder were more frequent and statistically significant for patients at risk for suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: The management of patients with a risk of suicide attempts must focus on individual patients because this risk is directly linked to changes in quality of life and the improvement of these patients’ prognosis.