Arabic gastural morse code communication for speechless patients who are severely motorically impaired

An augmentative communication technique is described in this paper for severely dysarthric quadriplegics who can spell words in Arabic. Patients signal the Morse codes for letters of words either by making two gestures [e.g., gazing to the right for a "dot" and the left for a "dash"] or a single gesture at two durations [e.g., a relatively short eyeblink for a "dot" and a relatively long one for a "dash"]. A copy of the Morse code for the Arabic alphabet is included

prevention of stuttering

Several explanations for the onset of stuttering are discussed in this paper. The main focus is on the explanation [known as the diagnosogenic theory] which states that children begin to stutter because they become self-conscious, embarrassed, and/or ashamed about repeating sounds, syllables, and single syllable words and try to avoid doing it. These types of repetitions are perfectly normal when they occur in the speech of children between the ages of 2.5 and 5 years. Evidence is presented that supports this theory is discussed

Telecommunication relay services for the hearing and speech impaired in arab countries: a proposal with options

Approximately 10% of the persons in most countries cannot use a standard telephone [or can only use one with great difficulty] because of a speech and/or hearing impairment. A telecommunication relay service can provide telephone services to such persons that are "functionally equivalent" to those available to persons who do not have these disabilities. These services are described and options are considered for making them available to persons in Arab countries with hearing or speech impairment