ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide an account of published literature on the association between alcohol use and sexual risk-taking, focusing on Latin America. METHODS: A search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, and Cochrane databases identified 561 unique articles. After excluding those that were not directly relevant, 30 studies were retained for review. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies showed direct or indirect associations between alcohol abuse and unprotected/risky sex. Three studies, however, showed no association between these variables, suggesting that the public health message of safer sex may have been effective. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to identify factors and behaviors that could be modified to reduce the association between alcohol use disorders and risky sexual behavior.
OBJETIVO: Proporcionar una descripción de la bibliografía sobre la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la toma de riesgos sexuales, con foco en América Latina. MÉTODOS: Una búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS y Cochrane permitió seleccionar 561 artículos singulares. Tras excluir los que no eran pertinentes, se retuvieron 30 estudios para su análisis. RESULTADOS: Veintisiete estudios revelaron asociaciones directas o indirectas entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y el sexo sin protección o de riesgo. Sin embargo, tres estudios no mostraron ninguna asociación entre estas variables, lo que sugiere que las recomendaciones de salud pública en pro de una actividad sexual de menor riesgo podrían haber sido eficaces. CONCLUSIONES: Se requiere llevar a cabo nuevas investigaciones para establecer los factores y los comportamientos que podrían ser objeto de modificación para reducir la asociación entre los trastornos por consumo de alcohol y el comportamiento sexual de riesgo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data , Latin America/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A 28-year-old primigravida at seven weeks gestation presented to the Accident & Emergency Department complaining of vomiting for five days. She was admitted and managed as a case of hyperemesis gravidarum. Two days later she developed abdominal distension. Ultrasound scan revealed ascites and common bile duct dilatation. The ascitic fluid was bile stained. At emergency laparotomy spontaneous perforation of the supraduodenal part of the common bile duct was seen. This was closed around a T-tube. She then underwent medical termination of pregnancy. The post-operative T-tube cholangiogram was suggestive of a type I choledochal cyst. Three months later this was excised and biliary enteric continuity restored by performing a hepaticojejunostomy. To the best of our knowledge, spontaneous rupture of a choledochal cyst in a patient of hyperemesis gravidarum has not been reported before. In this article, we discuss treatment options for choledochal cyst during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Therapeutic , Adult , Choledochal Cyst/complications , Female , Humans , Hyperemesis Gravidarum/etiology , Pregnancy , Rupture, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Pancreatic tuberculosis is often mistaken for malignancy and can pose a diagnostic challenge. A high degree of suspicion is necessary to diagnose this condition which responds well to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). Fine-needle aspiration cytology helps to differentiate malignancy from treatable conditions like tuberculosis. Records of four patients treated for pancreatic tuberculosis between 1997 and 2006 were studied. All patients had a pancreatic mass which was suspected to be malignant at imaging. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by FNAC in one case and after laparotomy in one; two had tuberculosis of other systems. All showed good response to ATT which included resolution of the pancreatic mass over mean follow up of 2 years. We suggest that all inoperable masses of the pancreas should be subjected to FNAC to rule out treatable conditions like pancreatic tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatic Diseases/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
The present paper provides a review of the available non-surgical treatments for Peyronie's disease (PD). A review of published literature on oral, intralesional, external energy and iontophoresis therapies for PD was performed, and the published results of available treatment options reviewed. The authors recommendations for appropriate non-surgical management of PD are provided. Although there are many published reports that show the efficacy of non-surgical therapies for PD, there is a lack of large scale, multicenter controlled clinical trials, which makes treatment recommendations difficult. Careful review of the literature does suggest that there are treatment options that make scientific sense and appear to stabilize the disease process, reduce deformity, and improve function. Offering no treatment at all will encourage our patients to pursue alternative treatments, which might do harm, and misses the opportunity to do some good. Clearly further work is necessary to develop safe and effective non-surgical treatments for PD.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Arginine , Therapeutic Uses , Carnitine , Therapeutic Uses , Collagenases , Therapeutic Uses , Combined Modality Therapy , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Penile Induration , Therapeutics , Pentoxifylline , Therapeutic Uses , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , TractionABSTRACT
A 24-year-old man presented to us 10 days after suffering blunt trauma to the abdomen. He was diagnosed with pancreatic transection and underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Two weeks after the operation, he developed intra-abdominal haemorrhage. Selective visceral angiogram revealed left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm, which had embolised. His recovery was uneventful. To our knowledge, ruptured left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm following pancreatic trauma, has not been reported before. In this article, we discuss some vascular complications of pancreatic trauma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Pancreas/injuries , Stomach/blood supply , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complicationsABSTRACT
This is a case report of a 29 year old woman who presented with painless and progressive obstructive jaundice. Imaging investigations of the abdomen revealed a tumour of the common bile duct. She was treated by complete excision of the bile duct and hepaticojejunostomy. The histopathology report of the tumour read as benign schwannoma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/complications , Female , Humans , Jaundice, Obstructive/etiology , Neurilemmoma/complicationsABSTRACT
We report the case of a paraduodenal hernia treated by reduction of the hernia and closure of the hernial orifice.