Alterations of oral functions and dental malocclusions in adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study / Alterações das funções orais e má oclusão em adolescentes: um estudo transversal de base populacional

Abstract This article aims to assess whether alterations of oral functions (AOF) are associated with malocclusion (MO)'s type and severity. Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of 332 adolescents aged 12 years in São Luís-MA, Northeastern Brazil. MO criteria included Angle's classification, Dental Aesthetic Index, and other morphological problems. The AOF were evaluated by breathing, phonation, chewing, and swallowing. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using logistic and multinomial regression analyses (α=5%). Mouth breathing was associated with defined (OR=3.84; 95%CI=1.45-10.12), disabling (OR=4.34; 95%CI=1.99-9.49), and class III (OR=4.15; 95%CI=1.19-14.54) MO. Phonation problems were associated with defined (OR=2.01; 95%CI=1.02-4.39), disabling (OR=3.04; 95%CI=1.55-5.96), and Class II (OR=2.02; 95%CI=1.28-3.18) MO. Chewing disorders were associated with posterior crossbite (PCB) (OR=2.32; 95%CI=1.12-4.82). Swallowing disorders were associated with Class III MO (OR=5.66; 95%CI=1.35-23.71), PCB (OR=6.13; 95%CI=2.76-13.62), and posterior open bite (OR=4.53; 95%CI=1.72-8.92). Breathing and phonation alterations are associated with MO in anterior arch segments, while chewing and swallowing disorders, in the posterior segments.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar se alterações das funções orais (AFO) estão associadas ao tipo e gravidade da maloclusão (MO). Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de 332 adolescentes de 12 anos em São Luís-MA, Nordeste do Brasil. Critérios de MO incluíram Classificação de Angle, Índice de Estética Dental e outros problemas morfológicos. As AFO foram avaliadas por respiração, fonação, mastigação e deglutição. Odds ratios (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram calculados em análises de regressão logística e multinomial (α=5%). Respiração oral foi associada com MO definida (OR=3,84; IC95%=1,45-10,12), incapacitante (OR=4,34; IC95%=1,99-9,49) e classe III (OR=4,15; IC95%=1,19-14,54). Problemas de fonação foram associados às MO definidas (OR=2,01; IC95%=1,02-4,39), incapacitantes (OR=3,04; IC95%=1,55-5,96) e Classe II (OR=2,02; IC95%=1,28-3,18). Alterações na mastigação foram associadas à mordida cruzada posterior (MCP) (OR=2,32; IC95%=1,12-4,82). Deglutição atípica foi associada à MO Classe III (OR=5,66; IC95%=1,35-23,71), MCP (OR=6,13; IC95%=2,76-13,62) e mordida aberta posterior (OR=4,53; IC95%=1,72-8,92). Alterações de respiração e fonação estão associadas às MO nos segmentos anteriores do arco, enquanto as de mastigação e deglutição, nos segmentos posteriores.

Self-perceived need for dental treatment and related factors. A cross-sectional population-based study

Abstract This study compared adolescents' self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment with the normative need for such treatment and investigated associations between socioeconomic and demographic variables and self-perceptions of dental malocclusion. This cross-sectional study involved 1015 schoolchildren aged 12-15 years in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The following data were collected using a questionnaire and an orthodontic examination card: demographic and identifying data, socioeconomic data, educational levels of family, household income, economic classification criteria, and self-reported skin color behavioral data, and oral health data. Normative occlusal condition was examined using the Angle classification and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test (to analyze differences in the frequency distribuition of qualitative variables) and Poisson regression (to stimate associations between the perceived need of orthodontic treatment and study covariates), with a 5% significance level. Schoolchildren's self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment was associated with sex (p = 0.022) and the normative need for treatment (p = 0.004). Among socioeconomic, demographic, and oral health variables, only sex [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.04-1.28; p = 0.009] and the normative need for orthodontic treatment (PR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.08-1.32; p < 0.001) were associated with the perception of malocclusion, with female adolescents reporting a greater need for orthodontic treatment. Female adolescents seems to be more sensitive to oral health problems. The results suggest that the DAI score might reflect a self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment and the Angle classification might overestimate the orthodontic treatment need.

Tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III e mordida cruzada posterior unilateral utilizando a técnica multiloop edgewise archwire (meaw) – relato de caso / Treatment of Class III malocclusion and posterior unilateral crossbite using the multiloop edgewise archwire technique (meaw) – case report

A mordida cruzada posterior é caracterizada pela deficiência do arco superior e relação anormal transversal entre os dentes posteriores superiores e inferiores. Algumas vezes, assimetrias dos arcos superior ou inferior estão presentes. A má oclusão de Classe III, mesmo sendo considerada uma doença de baixa prevalência, é caracterizada pela maxila retraída em relação à mandíbula. Quando as duas más oclusões estão presentes no indivíduo, a complexidade do tratamento ortodôntico exigido é proporcional ao grau de severidade da má oclusão. O presente trabalho apresenta o tratamento de uma paciente de 22 anos e 5 meses de idade, que procurou tratamento ortodôntico com a queixa principal de apinhamento na região anterior inferior. Ao exame clínico, observou-se que a paciente apresentava perfil labial côncavo, assimetria facial, giroversões, apinhamento inferior, mordida cruzada posterior unilateral esquerda, desvio da linha média dentária inferior e má oclusão Classe III com subdivisão direita. Para a correção desta má oclusão complexa foi utilizada a técnica multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW). Durante o tratamento, o arco superior foi expandido e o arco inferior contraído. Ao fim do tratamento, foi observado restabelecimento da oclusão e da estética.

Posterior cross bite is characterized by the deficiency of the upper arch and abnormal relationship between upper and lower posterior teeth. Sometimes, asymmetries in the upper or lower arch are present. Class III malocclusion, despite considered a low-prevalence disease, is characterized by the retraction of the maxilla in relation to the mandible. When these both malocclusions are present in the same individual, the complexity of the required orthodontic treatment is proportional to the severity of malocclusion. This paper presents the treatment of a patient, 22 years old, who looked foward for orthodontic treatment with the chief complaint of crowding in the lower anterior region. During examination it was verified that the patient had a concave profile lip, facial asymmetry, rotations, anterior mandibular crowding, left unilateral posterior cross bite, lower dental midline shift and Class III malocclusion with right subdivision. In order to correct dental occlusion the multiloop technique edgewise archwire (MEAW) was used. During the treatment, the maxillary arch was expanded and the lower arch was contracted. At the end of treatment occlusion and aesthetics were restored.

Tratamento de mordida aberta esquelética em um paciente adulto com a técnica Multiloop Edgewise Archwire (MEAW) / Treatment of skeletal open bite, using multiloop edgewise archwire technique (MEAW) in adult patient

A mordida aberta anterior é uma das más oclusões mais difíceis de tratamento devido a sua complexidade. A terapêutica adotada depende da idade do paciente, da gravidade da má oclusão e da etiologia. As técnicas podem variar desde a correção através da modificação dentoalveolar até o tratamento ortodôntico cirúrgico. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar a técnica Multiloop Edgewise Archwire (MEAW), através de um caso clínico de um paciente adulto com mordida aberta esquelética. A técnica MEAW mostrou-se eficiente no tratamento da mordida aberta anterior esquelética, no entanto é importante que o ortodontista tenha consciência da limitação da técnica, levando em consideração a queixa principal e a expectativa do paciente.

The anterior open bite malocclusions that most concerns the dentist due to its complexity. Adopted therapy depends on the age of the patient, the severity of malocclusion and its etiology. The techniques can vary from the correction by dentoalveolar amendment to surgical orthodontic treatment. The present work aims at presenting the Multiloop Edgewise Archwire technique (MEAW) through a clinical case of an adult patient with skeletal open bite. MEAW technique proved to be efficient in the treatment of skeletal anterior open bite however, it is important that the orthodontist has awareness of technical limitation, taking into consideration patient’s chief complaint and expectation.