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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(6): 771-779, June 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-680794

ABSTRACT

Infecção hospitalar ou nosocomial é aquela adquirida durante a hospitalização do paciente, e que pode ser relacionada os procedimentos hospitalares invasivos realizados durante o internamento. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em animais atendidos em um Centro Cirúrgico Veterinário Universitário de Pequenos Animais submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos e/ou invasivos; discutir as possíveis causas de infecção, detectar as bactérias presentes quando possível e verificar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana destes agentes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através do acompanhamento diário de 131 animais internados neste setor e busca ativa de casos de infecção hospitalar. Em 104 animais (91 cães e 13 felinos), foram realizados 113 procedimentos cirúrgicos e em 27 animais condutas não cirúrgicas tais como acompanhamento de parto e pós-parto, desobstrução uretral e colocação de talas. Todos os animais foram submetidos à colocação de cateter para fluidoterapia e/ou aplicação de medicamentos e/ou anestésicos em algum momento durante o internamento. O índice de infecção do sítio cirúrgico foi de 7,96% sendo 4,54% nas cirurgias limpas, 4,25% nas cirurgias limpa-contaminadas, 10,53% nas cirurgias contaminadas e 16% nas cirurgias infectadas. A taxa de infecção hospitalar não cirúrgica no paciente cirúrgico foi de 2,88% e 3,7% no paciente não cirúrgico. Foram cultivados sete isolados bacterianos, sendo Pseudomonas sp. (3), Streptococcus sp. (2), Acinetobacter sp. (1) e bacilo Gram negativo (1), constatando-se multirresistência bacteriana alta em todos os isolados. A duração da cirurgia e os tempos de internamento pré e pós-operatório não influenciaram na ocorrência de infecção hospitalar, mas os fatores que provavelmente colaboraram para a ocorrência de infecções no presente trabalho foram a própria gravidade da doença que motivou o tratamento, o tipo de procedimento realizado e a gravidade das lesões concomitantes.


Hospital or nosocomial infections are infections acquired during patient hospitalization, and that can be related to surgical and invasive procedures performed during the hospital admission. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of nosocomial infection in animals treated at a Veterinary Surgical Center of Small Animals, submitted to surgical or invasive procedures, to discuss the possible causes of infection, to detect the bacteria present when possible, and to verify the antimicrobial sensitivity of these agents. The study was developed through daily monitoring of 131 animals admitted in this surgical center and doing active surveillance of cases of nosocomial infection. In 104 animals (91 dogs and 13 cats), 113 surgical procedures were performed, and in 27 animals were performed non-surgical procedures such monitoring of delivery and postpartum, urethral catheterization and placement of splints. All animals were submitted to catheter placement for fluid therapy and application of medications and/or anesthetic at some point during hospitalization. The rate of surgical site infection was 7.96%, and by categories was 4.54% in clean surgeries, 4.25% in clean-contaminated surgeries, 10.53% in contaminated surgeries, and 16% in infected surgeries. The rate of non-surgical nosocomial infection in surgical patients was 2.88% and in the non-surgical patient was 3.7%. Bacteria were cultured as follows: Pseudomonas sp. (3), Streptococcus sp. (2), Acinetobacter sp. (1) and Gram negative bacilli (1), and high bacterial multidrug resistance were observed in all isolates. The duration of surgery and pre and postoperative time of hospitalization did not affect the occurrence of nosocomial infection, but factors that probably contributed to the occurrence of infections in this study were the severity of the condition responsible for the treatment, the kind of procedure performed and the severity of lesions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Cross Infection/veterinary , Bacteriology/statistics & numerical data , Pseudomonas , Streptococcus
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 40(1): 199-204, Jan.-Mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513142

ABSTRACT

Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100 Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genesdetected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) andSTx2e (3%). Twenty four patterns of virulence factor according to the different virulence genes form werefound and the most frequent virulence gene pattern was F4, F18, F41, STa, STb and LT. Most of the isolates that carried genes for adhesins also harboured genes for toxins.


A identificação de amostras de Escherichia coli responsáveis por diarréia pós-desmame em suínos requerconhecimento dos patotipos prevalentes dentro de uma dada região. Cem amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de leitões com diarréia no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, foram testadas para apresença dos genes que codificam antígenos fimbriais F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 e para a produção de enterotoxinas (STa, STb, LT and STx2e), através de sondas e da técnica da PCR (polymerasechain reaction). Os resultados mostraram que 60% dos isolados foram positivos para um ou mais antígenos fimbriais e 92% foram positivos para pelo menos um dos fatores de virulência examinados. Os genes de virulência detectados foram F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa(40%), STb (47%) e STx2e (3%). Vinte e quatro padrões de virulência, de acordo com as diferentes combinações dos genes de virulência, foram encontrados e o mais prevalente foi F4,F18, F41, STa, STb e LT. A maioria das amostras que carreiam genes para adesinas também transportam genes para produção de toxinas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diarrhea , Escherichia coli Infections , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Gene Frequency , In Vitro Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Swine , Methods , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Virulence
3.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 27(3): 471-480, jul.-set. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464851

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a performance reprodutiva de um rebanho bovino de corte, criado extensivamente, naturalmente infectado pelo herpes vírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1), pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) e pela Leptospira hardjo. No rebanho, constituído por 1.331 fêmeas, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 208 animais que foram subdivididos em três grupos: i) 60 novilhas virgens; ii) 60 vacas de primeira cria; iii) 88 vacas com duas ou mais crias. No período correspondente a uma estação de reprodução, obtida por inseminação artificial (IA) seguida por repasse com touro, foram avaliados o desempenho reprodutivo e os perfis sorológicos para a rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina (IBR), a diarréia viral bovina (BVD) e a leptospirose. As taxas de animais soropositivos para IBR, BVD e leptospirose nos grupos avaliados foram de 68,3, 98,0 e 78,8, respectivamente. O grupo de animais com duas ou mais crias apresentaram baixo desempenho reprodutivo com 35,6 de repetições de cio; 18,6 de abortamentos; 2,3 doses de sêmen por bezerro nascido e 35,6 de animais nascidos de IA. A mais baixa performance reprodutiva foi observada no grupo de novilhas. A análise do perfil sorológico anterior à estação de monta, em associação com os resultados de alguns parâmetros de eficiência reprodutiva sugere a provável participação do BoHV-1 e da L. hardjo no baixo desempenho reprodutivo do rebanho avaliado.


The aim of this study was the evaluation of some reproductive rates of a beef cattle herd that werenaturally infected by the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) andLeptospirahardjo. In a herd with 1331 females, we randomly selected 208 animals that were distributedin three groups: i) 60 virgin heifers; ii) 60 first suckling cows; iii) 88 cows with two or more sucklings. Allgroups were evaluated for infectious bovine rinothracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), andleptospirosis serological profile, and the reproductive performance in a breeding station that had artificialinsemination (AI) followed by bull repass. The IBR, BVD and leptospirosis seropositive rates in thethree groups were 68.3%, 98.0% and 78.8%, respectively. The highest seropositives rates for the threeinfections simultaneously were obtained in the cows with two or more sucklings. The three groupspresented low reproductive performance with 35.6% of repeat breeding; 18.6% of abortions, 2.3 semendoses by born calf, and 35.6% of born calves by AI. The lowest reproductive performance was observedin the virgin heifers group. The serological profile analysis before the breeding time with associationwith the results of some reproductive efficiency rates suggest the BoHV-1 and L. hardjo participation inthe low reproductive performance observed in the beef cattle herd studied


Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 1, Bovine , Cattle/growth & development , Reproduction , Serology , Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral
4.
Rev. microbiol ; 30(2): 137-40, abr.-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-257209

ABSTRACT

2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is a dye largely used for enumeration of microbial colonies in solid culture media, being a key component of the dry rehydratable film system used for microbiological analysis of food. This dye is colorless in the oxidized form and red when reduced by microorganisms, due to formation of formazan. In this study, TTC was added to Plate Count Agar (PCA) for enumeration of microorganisms in thirty four pasteurized milk samples, with the aim to verify the frequency of microorganisms that are unable to reduce TTC. Milk samples were decimally diluted in saline and pour-plated in PCA plus 0.015(per cent) TTC. Colonies were counted after 24h and 48 h of incubation at 35(degree)C. From a total of 50,574 colonies 19,665(38.88 per cent) did not reduce TTC in 48h. It was observed that 571(6.36 per cent) colonies that were colorless in 24h became red in 48h. From those that didn't reduce TTC in 48h, 233 were purified and Gram stained. 229(98.71 per cent) of them were Gram positive cocci and bacilli. The results show that there is a high percentage of microorganisms unable to reduce TTC in pasteurized milk, which cannot be detected by laboratory procedures based on the formation of red colonies.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Milk/microbiology , Tetrazolium Salts/analysis , Indicators and Reagents/analysis , Colony Count, Microbial/methods
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