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1.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 13(4): 154-158, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123621

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hiperparatiroidismo secundario (HPTS) es una complicación de la enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT). A pesar de nuevas terapias médicas como calcimiméticos, en HPTS refractarios la paratiroidectomía (PTX) continúa siendo necesaria. Una complicación frecuente en estos pacientes posterior a la PTX es el síndrome de hueso hambriento (SHH), caracterizado por una profunda y prolongada hipocalcemia asociada a hipofosfatemia, secundaria a un excesivo aumento de su captación ósea. Una complicación menos descrita, pero con consecuencias graves e incluso fatales, es la hiperkalemia. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en enfatizar el riesgo de hiperkalemia por SHH a partir de un caso clínico, señalar los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, factores de riesgo y consideraciones terapéuticas. Caso clínico: Mujer de 35 años, con ERCT de causa desconocida, HPTS refractario con PTX total e implante de glándulas en antebrazo hace 9 años. Ingresa por recurrencia de HPTS. Cintigrama MIBI SPECT/CT® evidenció implante hiperfuncionante, indicándose PTX del injerto. Exámenes preoperatorios: calcemia 8.6 mg/dL, fosfatasas alcalinas 1115 UI/L (VN <100), PTH intacta (PTHi) 3509 pg/ml y kalemia 4.8 mEq/L. Biopsia: hiperplasia paratiroidea nodular. En postoperatorio inmediato presentó hiperkalemia de 7.1 mEq/L con cambios electrocardiográficos, requiriendo hemodiálisis de urgencia. Posteriormente desarrolló hipocalcemia, hipofosfatemia e hipomagnesemia, de difícil control. Discusión: El SHH post HPTS puede coexistir con hiperkalemia postoperatoria inmediata grave, incluso fatal si no se identifica y corrige a tiempo. El mecanismo fisiopatológico aún no está bien dilucidado. Varios factores pudieran intervenir, incluyendo aumento del metabolismo celular, traumatismo tisular, fármacos anestésicos, fluidos perioperatorios y flujo de iones transmembrana. El nivel de potasio previo a la cirugía, menor edad, género masculino, tiempo entre la última hemodiálisis y la cirugía, y duración de la PTX, son factores de riesgo para hiperkalemia postoperatoria. El conocimiento de esta grave complicación permitirá estar preparado para monitorizar y eventualmente tratar.


Introduction: Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a complication of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Although new medical therapies (i.e.calcimimetics,) parathyroidectomy (PTX) continues to be necessary in refractory cases. A well-known complication after PTX is an entity called Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS), characterized by deep and prolonged hypocalcemia associated with hypophosphatemia, secondary to an excessive increase in bone formation. A less reported complication, but with severe or even fatal consequences, is hyperkalemia. The purpose of this work consists of emphasizing the risk of hyperkalemia in HBS, reporting a clinical case that points out the physiopathological mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic considerations. Clinical case: 35-year-old woman with ESRD of unknown cause with refractory SHPT with total PTX and forearm gland grafts nine years ago. She presented SHPT recurrency. MIBI SPECT/CT® scan showed a hyperfunctioning implant, indicating graft PTX. Preoperative tests: calcemia 8.6 mg/dL, phosphatemia 7.3 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatases 1115 UI/L (VN<100), intact PTH (iPTH) 3509 pg/ml and kalemia 4.8 mEq/L. Biopsy: parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. In the immediate postoperative period, she presented hyperkalemia at 7.1 mEq/L with electrocardiographic changes, requiring emergency hemodialysis. Later she developed hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia of difficult control. Discussion: HBS post PTX can coexist with severe immediate postoperative hyperkalemia, which can be even fatal if not detected and corrected. The physiopathological mechanism is still not entirely elucidated. Various factors could interfere, including an increase in cell metabolism, tissue traumatism, anesthetic drugs, intraoperative fluids, and transmembrane ion flow. Preoperative potassium levels, younger age, male gender, the time elapsed between last hemodialysis and surgery, and duration of PTX are risk factors for post-surgical hyperkalemia. Knowing this severe complication will allow the medical team to be prepared for monitoring and eventually treating it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Parathyroidectomy/adverse effects , Hyperkalemia/etiology , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications
3.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 34(1): 16-21, ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1371506

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Plasmapheresis is an extracorporeal procedure that allows the plasma to be separated from the figurative elements of the blood, removing specific elements involved in pathological processes. OBJECTIVE: To show the experience of the Regional Hospital of Talca (HRT) in the use of Plasmapheresis from 2017 to March 2019. METHODS: Corresponds to a retrospective study of all patients undergoing plasmapheresis from January 2017 to March 2019 (27 months). The clinical profile of this group of patients is analyzed, emphasizing in the nephrological etiologies and showing the clinical evolution of the diseases submitted to this procedure and aspects such as number of sessions, complications and associated therapies. RESULTS: In this period 14 patients have required plasmapheresis in our center, 9 cases for renal causes (64.2%) and 5 for non-renal causes (35.7%). A deceased was recorded during the acute stage of the disease (7.14%), in the context of a negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in patient with pulmonary-renal syndrome. 78% of those who needed plasmapheresis for renal etiologies are on hemodialysis at the end of the work. The clinical improvement experienced in the majority of the cases studied allows us to attribute a beneficial effect of plasmapheresis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Plasmapheresis , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Cryoglobulinemia/therapy , Kidney Diseases/etiology
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(3): 345-350, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-518493

ABSTRACT

Background: The Female Sexual Function index (FSFI), is a scale designed to evaluate sexuality and diagnose the presence of sexual dysfunction in women. Aim: To apply the FSFI to climacteric women. Patients and methods: The FSFI was applied to 370 healthy women aged between 40 and 59years old (49 ± 6years) that accompanied patients to public health services in Santiago. Results: Fifty six percent of women were married, 44 percent were postmenopausal, 6 percent used hormone replacement therapy, 67 percent were sexually active, and sexual dysfunction was present in 57 percent of them. Thirty two percent of women aged between 40 and 44 years and 65 percent of women aged between 55 and 59 years, had sexual dysfunction (p <0.01). In a logistic regression model, the risk of sexual dysfunction increased among women that perceive having health problems (Odds ratio (OR) 3-9; 95 percento confidence intervals (95 percent CI): 1.1-13-8), women older than 48 years (OR 1.9; 95 percent CI: 1.1-3-4) and women that gave birth to two or more children (OR 1.8; 95 percent CI: 1.0-3-1). Conclusions: Climateric women have high prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Age is its main risk factor.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Climacteric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/epidemiology , Age Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Logistic Models , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/diagnosis
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(1): 17-25, ene. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310248

ABSTRACT

To evaluate dose rates and daily doses (DDE) at Valdivia in Southern Chile, ultraviolet irradiances recorded every 15 min from 1998 to 2000 with a high resolution spectroradiometer were weighted with an erythemal action spectrum. Exposure times to get one MED (210 J/m2) in Summer are 10, 12, 18 and 24 min for skin types I trough IV respectively. DDE estimations included in NASA Web products overestimate measurements by 16 percent on average in Summer, with an absolute uncertainty of 980 J/m2 at the 95 percent level. Observed dose rates for clear days are in fair agreement with the numerical output from a numerical model, suggesting that acute episodes can be predicted if total ozone can be forecasted and the population is instructed on corrections for cloud effects


Subject(s)
Humans , Ultraviolet Rays , Erythema , Radiation Exposure Measurement , Ozone Depletion
6.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 48(3/4): 188-94, 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144224

ABSTRACT

La citogenética ha adquirido un valor indiscutible en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y seguimiento de las leucemias. Es un hecho conocido que las anomalías cromosómicas forman parte del fenotipo de la célula tumoral. Con las mejoras en las técnicas citogenéticas se ha podido establecer aberraciones cromosómicas específicas, no aleatorias en diferentes tipos de leucemias. El ejemplo clásico lo constituye la leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC), resultado de una transformación neoplásica monoclonal de la célula pluripotencial. Está caracterizada por presentar un 90 por ciento de los casos, un cromosoma Philadelphia (cromosoma 22 acortado), producto de una translocación recíproca entre un cromosoma 9 y 22. Esta aberración cromosómica, además de constituir un sello diagnóstico, permitió la localización del proto-oncogen c-abl (en el cromosoma 9) que al yuxtaponerse (mediante translocación al bcr del cromosoma 22) da como resultado la producción celular de una proteína kinasa anormal, que juega un rol muy importante en la cancerogénesis. El estudio cromosómico sirve de gran apoyo clínico, de ahí el interés de montar estas técnicas. Desde febrero de 1990 iniciamos el estudio citogenético de leucemias, realizando cultivos de médulña ósea y en ocasiones de blastos de sangre periférica. Se realizaron en forma sistémica cultivo directo de 24 y de 48 horas y un minucioso análisis. Nuestra experiencia muestra un 70 por ciento de éxito en la obtención de resultados. De un total de 30 pacientes, 21 arrojaron resultados positivos. De éstos, 8 (35 por ciento) no presentaron anomalías cromosómicas, 134 (65 por ciento) las presentaron. De éstos, 13.5 fueron POhiladelkphia positivo y 8 presentaron anomalías numéricas y/o estructurales, entre las cuales cuenta una translocación aberrante, t (9;11;22). La clínica y la utilidad prestada por el estudio citogenético son analizados individualmente en los casos con resultados positivos


Subject(s)
Humans , Cytogenetics/methods , Leukemia/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , /genetics , Genetic Markers/genetics
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