ABSTRACT
Background@#and PurposeHeadache disorders are a leading cause of disability globally. However, there is inadequate information available about these disorders and the related economic loss in the workplace in Asian countries. Information technology (IT) jobs are intellectually and cognitively challenging, and hence IT workers are a suitable population for assessing headache disorders and related economic loss. @*Methods@#We sent invitation emails to all employees of selected IT companies. A comprehensive Web-based questionnaire regarding headache characteristics, disability, quality of life, and economic loss was completed by 522 participants from 8 companies. @*Results@#The participants included 450 (86.2%) who had experienced headache more than once during the previous year. The frequencies of migraine, probable migraine (PM), and tension-type headache (TTH) were 18.2%, 21.1%, and 37.0%, respectively. The Migraine Disability Assessment score was higher for participants with migraine [median and interquartile range, 3.0 (0.0–6.0)] than for those with PM [0.0 (0.0–2.0), p<0.001] and TTH [0.0 (0.0–1.0), p<0.001]. The estimated annual economic losses caused by migraine per person associated with absenteeism and presenteeism were USD 197.5±686.1 and USD 837.7±22.04 (mean±standard deviation), respectively. The total annual economic loss per person caused by migraine (USD 1,023.3±1,972.7) was higher than those caused by PM (USD 424.8±1,209.1, p<0.001) and TTH (USD 197.6±636.4, p<0.001). @*Conclusions@#Migraine, PM, and TTH were found to be prevalent among IT workers in Korea. Disability and economic loss were significantly greater in participants with migraine than in those with PM or TTH
ABSTRACT
Background@#and PurposeHeadache disorders are a leading cause of disability globally. However, there is inadequate information available about these disorders and the related economic loss in the workplace in Asian countries. Information technology (IT) jobs are intellectually and cognitively challenging, and hence IT workers are a suitable population for assessing headache disorders and related economic loss. @*Methods@#We sent invitation emails to all employees of selected IT companies. A comprehensive Web-based questionnaire regarding headache characteristics, disability, quality of life, and economic loss was completed by 522 participants from 8 companies. @*Results@#The participants included 450 (86.2%) who had experienced headache more than once during the previous year. The frequencies of migraine, probable migraine (PM), and tension-type headache (TTH) were 18.2%, 21.1%, and 37.0%, respectively. The Migraine Disability Assessment score was higher for participants with migraine [median and interquartile range, 3.0 (0.0–6.0)] than for those with PM [0.0 (0.0–2.0), p<0.001] and TTH [0.0 (0.0–1.0), p<0.001]. The estimated annual economic losses caused by migraine per person associated with absenteeism and presenteeism were USD 197.5±686.1 and USD 837.7±22.04 (mean±standard deviation), respectively. The total annual economic loss per person caused by migraine (USD 1,023.3±1,972.7) was higher than those caused by PM (USD 424.8±1,209.1, p<0.001) and TTH (USD 197.6±636.4, p<0.001). @*Conclusions@#Migraine, PM, and TTH were found to be prevalent among IT workers in Korea. Disability and economic loss were significantly greater in participants with migraine than in those with PM or TTH
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study determined the efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists in the treatment of acute migraine.Methods: Seven randomized, controlled trials were included. Outcome measures used were pain freedom and pain relief two hours after treatment.Results: The difference in pain freedom 2 hours post-dose significantly favored gepants 140/150 mg (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.93-2.96, PConclusion: With regard to pain freedom and pain relief two hours post-dose, CGRP antagonists are more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of acute migraine but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate superior efficacy of CGRP antagonists over triptans.
Subject(s)
Humans , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Migraine Disorders , Tryptamines , PainABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the sho of goshuyuto, which has been established in an unscientific manner, and to create a new concept of the sho of goshuyuto. Eighty-four patients suffering from chronic headache were instructed to orally consume 7.5g. day of a spray-dried powder of goshuyuto (TJ-31) for 4 weeks. Before consuming the TJ-31, all subjects underwent Kampo examinations that were based on 43 diagnostic items. After the 4-week period of medication, all the subjects were classified as either responders or nonresponders. After excluding insignificant items from the 43 diagnostic items, discriminant analysis, which discriminated between responders and nonresponders, was conducted. Of the 80 subjects who completed the trial period, 57 were judged to be responders and 23 to be nonresponders. “Cold feet,” “fluid and gas retention in the stomach,” “kyokyo-kuman,” “tenderness at side of navel,” and “pulsation at abdomen” were selected by stepwise selection. The results of the discriminant analysis using these 5 items suggest that 28 subjects were misclassified and that the misclassification rate was 35%. Of the actual 23 nonresponders, 20 were accurately discriminated as nonresponders. The 5 selected items are suggested to be more useful in selecting the nonresponders than the responders. In conclusion, the empirically established sho of goshuyuto seemed to not be abele to completely explain the indication of goshuyuto. However, the inclusion of “tenderness at side of navel” and “pulsation at abdomen,” as new components comprising the sho of goshuyuto, may facilitate a more accurate indication of goshuyuto.
Subject(s)
Data Interpretation, Statistical , Discriminant Analysis , AbdomenABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to report and analyze the results of a questionnaire concerning the present programs for the junior residents in the postgraduate clinical course in Japan.<BR>A questionnaire was sent to the administrators or the persons in charge of the programs of 347 institutions including 80 university hospitals and 267 clinical training hospitalsas designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.<BR>Answers to a questionnaire were returned by 271 institutions (78.1%). The results were analyzed and summarized as follows.<BR>(1) About 95% of both university and clinical training hospitals have their own programs at present.<BR>(2) In the substantial formula of programs, university hospitals have had straight or rotation form while the clinical hospitals have selected rotation or super rotate (comprehensive) form.<BR>(3) The programs of university hospitals have started in majority before 1992 while those of clinical hospitals have began after 1993.<BR>(4) The programs of university hospitals have contained the clinical training at the other departments or institutions in a significantly higher ratio compared to those of clinical hospitals.<BR>(5) The check system for the evaluation of the programs has well functioned in half of both hospitals.<BR>(6) For the assessment of the programs used, about half of the staffs of both university and clinical hospitals feel unsatisfactorily in their active programs.<BR>(7) Concerning the intention to renewal or modification of their programs used, there were rather passive agreements in both university and clinical hospitals.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to report the results of the workshop which was designed to define several indispensable conditions for the implementation of the compulsory clinical training. These conditions discussed include the guarantee of position and improvement of labor conditions for trainees, standard for the authorization of institutions receiving trainees, training curricula and teaching staff of institutions, and the certificate of qualification for the trainees after the compulsory training. The products of the workshop showed plans and guidelines to these conditions as seen in this paper.