ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to compare the expectorant and antitussive actions ofPlatycodon grandilforum from different production areas in order to provide references for its cultivation and production. The antitussive activities ofP. grandilforum water extract from different areas were investigated through testing the cough times induced by ammonium hydroxide in mice. And the expectorant activities were studied by testing the amount of tracheal phenolsulfonphthalein excretion in mice. The results showed that the minimum effective dose ofP. grandiflorum fromChifeng of Inner Mongolia was 0.2 g·kg-1. Under this dosage,P. grandiflorum fromChifeng of Inner Mongolia can significantly reduce the cough frequency in mice (P < 0.01), and significantly prolong the cough incubation period in mice (P < 0.01).P. grandiflorum fromSichuan province,Shangzhou ofShaanxi province andChongqing can significantly decrease the cough frequency in mice (P < 0.05). P. grandiflorum from Sichuan province,Shangzhou ofShaanxi province andChifeng of Inner Mongolia can significantly increase the phenolsulfonphthalein excretion quantity in mice (P < 0.05). It was concluded thatP. grandilforum was effective for relieving cough and removing sputum. The effect ofP. grandilforum fromChifeng of Inner Mongolia was obviously stronger than that from other areas.
ABSTRACT
The HPLC fingerprint differences ofRadix Platycodonis from different origins were studied to provide references for their quality control and production. The total platycodins were purified by DB101 macroporous resin. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of the total platycodins for 39 batches ofRadix Platycodonis samples from 9 provinces were performed on an Agilent HC-C8 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5μm) with gradient elution. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid. The injection volume was 6μL. The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1. The temperature of drift tube was set at 90℃. And the gas flow (N2) was set at 1.2 mL·min-1. The results showed that there were large differences in the quality ofRadix Platycodonis from different origins with the common fingerprints of 6 batches of samples fromChifeng in Inner Mongolia as references. The quality ofRadix Platycodonis was closely related to the seeds, the ecological environment, the way of drying and storing and so on. It was concluded that it was important to strengthen the provenance base construction, standardization of the seeds, reasonable formulation of the regionalization, and standardization of the production processing for the cultivation and production ofRadix Platycodonis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the neuroprotective effect of ginkgolides(Gin)on cultured rat embryos dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons injured by glutamate(Glu)in vitro.Methods:DRG neurons of Wistar rat embryos were cultured in vitro for 48 h and then exposed to Glu(200 μmol/L)with or without Gin(50 μmol/L).The living cells were observed with an inverted contrast microscope.The cultures were processed for detecting the apoptosis rate by using flow cytometry.The fluorescent intensity of intracellular Ca2+ was detected by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).Results:The living status of DRG cells with Gin incubation was better than that of incubated cultures without Gin.The shape of neuronal cell bodies or neurite networks were almost the same in the glutamic acid group with Gin compared with that of the normal control group.The apoptosis rate of cells incubated with Glu for 24 h was 41.1% in DRG cultures.The apoptosis rate of cells incubated with Glu and 50 μmol/L of Gin for 24 h was 7.6% in DRG cultures.The fluorescent intensity was lower in Gin with Glu group than that in Glu group(P＜0.01).The fluorescent intensity was lower in the control group than that in Glu group(P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the fluorescent intensity between Gin with Glu group and control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Ginkgolides may reduce intracellular Ca2+ concentration,and then protect DRG neurons from neurotoxicity induced by Glu.