ABSTRACT
Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients with RVO.Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is the first-line treatment for RVO and most of patients can obtain improvements of macular morphology and visual function.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can clearly characterize the macular microstructure.Qualitative or quantitative analysis of histological retinal layers of the macula, before and after anti-VEGF treatment, can guide the clinical treatment and predict visual outcome of patients with RVO.OCT predictors of visual prognosis in patients with RVO following anti-VEGF treatment, including central retinal thickness, disruption of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, hyperreflective foci, disorganization of the retinal inner layers, serous retinal detachment or intraretinal cystoid spaces, subretinal hemorrhage, vitreomacular adhesion and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) integrity are focused on in this review, aiming to enhance patient counseling and improve risk assessment and advance clinical management.