Corrélation of EQ-5D and mRS in ischémie stroke: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Introduction: Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), in addition to evaluating functional status in stroke patients could complement clinician practice. Objective: To assess HRQOL, applying EuroQol-5-dimensions (EQ-5D) in Colombian patients with stroke and correlating its results with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in a cohort of ischemic stroke patients in Colombia at three months as a median follow-up (Q1: 1- Q3:3) after their event. We correlated EQ-5D domains, EQ-5D index, mRS with EQ-5D VAS score. We generated a simple linear regression robust model to evaluate the variability between using r2. Results: A total of 91 patients completed the EQ-5D questionnaire, with a mean age of 71.2 years; 59.3% were male. We identified an inverse correlation between EQ-5D VAS and EQ-5D domains with the highest for mobility (rs = -0.69) and the lowest for pain/discomfort (rs -0.52, p<0.001). The r2 ranged from 0.25 (pain/discomfort) to 0.47 (EQ-5D index). Patients with mRS ≥ 3 significantly reduced their EQ-5D VAS score by 25.64 points (95% CI -33.04, -18.24). Variability in EQ-5D VAS scores occurred by EQ-5D index (47%) and by mRS (34%). Conclusions: The correlation between EQ-5D and mRS was favorable. Although EQ-5D and mRS evaluated different spheres on stroke patients, applying the EQ-5D instrument in real-world clinical settings might contribute multidimensional information on how life is affected after a stroke. This kind of information serves to orientate rehabilitation strategies on specific domains such as depression, self-care, anxiety, and pain. This is especially relevant for patients with disabilities (mRS ≥ 3).

Introducción: La evaluación de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) y el estado funcional de pacientes con Ataque Cerebrovascular (ACV), podría complementar la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar la CVRS, aplicando EuroQol-5-dimensiones (EQ-5D) en pacientes colombianos con ACV y correlacionar sus resultados con la escala de Rankin Modificada (mRS). Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal analítico anidado a una cohorte de pacientes con ACV isquémico en Colombia con mediana de 3 meses de seguimiento (Q1: 1- Q3:3) post-ictus. Correlacionamos los dominios del EQ-5D, índice EQ-5D y mRS con la puntuación de EQ-5D VAS. Generamos un modelo de regresión lineal simple para evaluar la variabilidad usando r2. Resultados: Un total de 91 pacientes con una edad media 71,2 años; 59,3 % hombres. Se encontró correlación inversa entre los dominios EQ-5D, mayor para movilidad (rs = -0,69) y menor para dolor/malestar (rs -0,52, p < 0,001). El r2 osciló entre 0,25 (dolor/malestar) y 0,47 (índice EQ-5D). Los pacientes con mRS ≥ 3 redujeron significativamente su puntuación EQ-5D VAS en 25,64 puntos (IC 95%: -33,04; -18,24). La variabilidad en las puntuaciones EQ-5D VAS se produjo por el índice EQ-5D (47 %) y por mRS (34 %). Conclusiones: La correlación entre EQ-5D y mRS fue favorable. Aunque EQ-5D y mRS evalúan diferentes esferas en los pacientes con ACV, la aplicación del EQ-5D en podría aportar información multidimensional sobre cómo se afecta la vida después de un ictus, así como orientar estrategias de rehabilitación en esferas como depresión, autocuidado, ansiedad y dolor; especialmente relevante para pacientes con discapacidades (mRS ≥ 3).

Cambios Hemodinámicos Asociados a Exodoncias de Terceros Molares Inferiores con el Uso de Articaína 4 % y/o Lidocaína 2 %: Una revisión sistemática / Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Lower Third Molar Extractions with the Use of Articaine 4 % and/or Lidocaine 2 %: A systematic Review

La exodoncia de los terceros molares inferiores es uno de los procedimientos clínicos más comunes en el cual el control del dolor mediante el bloqueo anestésico del nervio alveolar inferior, bucal y lingual resulta ser fundament al y la manera más común de hacerlo es mediante la infiltración de soluciones de anestesia local. Entre ellos la lidocaína y articaína son algunos de los más comunes y pueden estar asociado a vasoconstrictores como la epinefrina que puede provocar aumento de la presión arterial y frecuencia cardíaca razón por la cual se hace necesario la monitorización de cambios hemodinámicos durante la cirugía. Describir los cambios hemodinámicos asociados al uso de lidocaína al 2 % y/ o articaína al 4 % en la presión sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardiaca y saturación parcial de oxígeno en relación a distintos tiempos operatorios. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos de PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y Sciencedirect. Se analizaron 7 ensayos clínicos controlados en los que utilizaron articaína al 4 % y/o lidocaína al 2 % con epinefrina al 1:100,000 y/o 1:200,000 en volúmenes de 1,8 a 5,4 mL, en los cuales evaluaron la presión sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardiaca y saturación parcial de oxígeno en distintos tiempos de la cirugía. Si bien hubo cambios en PAS, PAD, FC y SPO2, todas se mantuvieron dentro de rangos normales bajo el uso de articaína al 4 % y lidocaína al 2 % con epinefrina 1:100,000 y/o 1:200,000 a volúmenes de 1,8 a 5,4mL medidas a distintos tiempos operatorios.

The extraction of lower third molars is one of the most common clinical procedures in which pain control through anesthetic blockade of the lower alveolar, buccal and lingual nerves turns out to be essential and the most common way to do it is through the infiltration of solutions of local anesthesia. Among them, lidocaine and articaine are some of the most common and may be associated with vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine, which can cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, which is why it is necessary to monitor hemodynamic changes during surgery. To describe the hemodynamic changes associated with the use of 2 % lidocaine and/or 4 % articaine in systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate and partial oxygen saturation in relation to different operative times. A systematic review was carried out in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Sciencedirect databases. Seven controlled clinical trials were analyzed in which 4 % articaine and/or 2 % lidocaine were used with epinephrine at 1:100,000 and/or 1:200,000 in volumes of 1,8 to 5,4 mL, in which systolic pressure was evaluated. and diastolic, heart rate and partial oxygen saturation at different times of surgery. Although there were changes in SBP, DBP, HR and SPO2, all remained within normal ranges under the use of 4 % articaine and 2 % lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 and/or 1:200,000 at volumes of 1,8 to 5 .4mL measured at different operative times.

E-learning as a strategy in dentistry in the context of COVID-19: a path to follow?

Abstract The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of e-learning in compliance with the new biosafety recommendations in dentistry in the context of COVID-19 applied to the clinical staff of a dental school in Brazil. A quasi-experimental epidemiological study was carried out by means of a structured, pre-tested online questionnaire, applied before and after an educational intervention, using an e-learning format. After data collection, statistical tests were performed. A total of 549 members of the clinical staff participated in the study in the two collection phases, with a return rate of 26.9%. After the e-learning stage, a reduction was found in the reported use of disposable gloves, protective goggles, and surgical masks. The course had no impact on the staff's knowledge concerning the proper sequence for donning PPE and showed 100% effectiveness regarding proper PPE doffing sequence. Knowledge about avoiding procedures that generate aerosols in the clinical setting was improved. Despite the low rate of return, it can be concluded that online intervention alone was ineffective in significantly improving learning about the new clinical biosafety guidelines. Therefore, the use of hybrid teaching and repetitive training is highly recommended.

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud) / Clinical practice guideline for Diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis, cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis for the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud)

RESUMEN Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de los pacientes con colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para la evaluación y el manejo de pacientes con colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis en EsSalud. Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas en gastroenterología, cirujanos generales y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 10 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. En septiembre del 2017 se realizaron búsquedas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder 10 preguntas clínicas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y el flujograma de evaluación y manejo. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 021-IETSIESSALUD-2018. Resultados: La presente GPC abordó 10 preguntas clínicas sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 6 recomendaciones (5 recomendaciones condicionales y 1 recomendación fuerte), 17 puntos de buena práctica clínica y 3 flujogramas. Conclusión: El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones de la GPC basadas en evidencias para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la colelitiasis, colecistitis aguda y coledocolitiasis de EsSalud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Objective: To provide clinical recommendations based on evidence for the management of patients with cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in EsSalud. Methods: a guideline task force (GTF) was formed with internists, general surgeons, gastroenterologists, and methodologists. The group proposed 10 clinical questions to be answered in this Clinical practice guideline (CPG). Systematic searches of preview reviews were performed and when it was necessary, primary studies from PubMed and CENTRAL during 2017 were reviewed. The evidence was selected aiming to answer each proposed question. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodical work sessions, the group used GRADE methodology for reviewing the evidence and formulating recommendations, good clinical practice items and three flowcharts for diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the CPG was approved by Resolution Nº 046-IETSI-ESSALUD-2017. Results: This CPG approached 10 clinical questions divided into two topics: diagnosis and management. Based on these questions; one strong recommendation, five weak recommendations, and 17 good clinical practice items and three flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: This paper abstracts the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for diagnosis and management of cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis in EsSalud.

Staff Knowledge and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 New Biosafety Practices at a Brazilian Dental School

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards biosafety recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Brazilian dental school. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 with the clinical staff of a Brazilian dental school. The whole clinical staff was sent pre-tested self-administered online questionnaires about knowledge and attitudes towards the recommendations for biosafety in dental settings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analyses were carried out for proportion calculation. Results Disposable head covering caps, isolation gowns, and gloves were the most frequently reported personal protective equipment (PPE). The rates ranged from 52.9% to 88.5% for N95 respirators, from 68.6% to 92.6% for face shields, from 47.4% to 67.5% for conventional eye protection shields, and 45.1% to 77.4% for eye protection with solid side shields. Chlorhexidine gluconate was the most frequent mouthwash indicated before clinical dental care. The percentage of agreement to provide clinical care to patients with suspected COVID-19 varied from 23.5% to 50.0%. The percentage of respondents who agreed that bioaerosol-generating procedures should be avoided was higher than 74.5%. Less than 50% knew the correct sequence for doffing of PPE. Conclusion This study revealed important gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards prevention and control measures against infection in dental environments in the context of COVID-19, indicating the need for improvements.

Fracturas de cadera en adultos mayores del Hospital General Agustín O´Horán entre 2015 y 2019 / Hip Fractures in elder Adults at Agustin O´Horán General Hospital from 2015 to 2019

Introducción: El motivo de hospitalización más común en los servicios ortopédicos son las fracturas de cadera, de las cuales, las más frecuentes son las del cuello femoral y pertrocantéreas y/o transtrocantéricas. Existen diversos factores de riesgo entre los adultos de 60 años o más, entre ellos, vivir en una residencia de ancianos, deterioro mental, tipo de fractura, entorno social habitual, y presencia de enfermedades sistémicas asociadas con el envejecimiento. Objetivo: Describir y analizar las fracturas de cadera más frecuentes en adultos mayores en el Hospital General Agustín O´Horán, así como describir la distribución bimestral y anual de los casos ocurridos en el estado de Yucatán. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo que incluyó sujetos de ambos géneros de 60 años y más, que habían ingresado por fractura de cadera entre noviembre 2015 y abril 2019. Se utilizaron las variables género, edad, bimestre, año, ubicación anatómica y tipo de traumatismo, clasificación extracapsular e intracapsular. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino (64,53 por ciento), la edad promedio fue 77,67 años. La fractura con mayor número de casos fue la extracapsular (62,25 por ciento) con su subtipo más prevalente que fue la transtrocantérica (35,78 por ciento). El mayor número de casos se presentó en el año 2016, en los meses de enero a abril hubo mayor número de pacientes ingresados. Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia de fracturas de cadera en mujeres mayores de 60 años, lo que se corresponde con lo reportado a nivel nacional(AU)

Introduction: The most common reason for hospitalization in orthopedic services are hip fractures, of which the most frequent are those of the femoral neck and pertrochanteric and / or transtrochanteric. There are several risk factors among adults age 60 and over, including living in a nursing home, mental decline, type of fracture, common social environment, and presence of systemic diseases associated with aging. Objective: To describe and analyze the most frequent hip fractures in older adults at Agustin O'Horan General Hospital, as well as to describe the bimonthly and annual distribution of the cases that occurred in the state of Yucatan. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study that included subjects of both genders aged 60 years and over, who had been admitted for hip fracture from November 2015 to April 2019. The variables were used gender, age, two-month period, year, anatomical location and type of trauma, extracapsular and intracapsular classification. Results: Most of the patients were female (64.53 percent), the average age was 77.67 years. The highest number of cases had extracapsular fracture (62.25 percent), the transtrochanteric subtype was the most prevalent (35.78 percent). The largest number of cases occurred in 2016. January to April there the months with higher number of patients admitted. Conclusions: The prevalence of hip fractures in women over 60 years of age, corresponds to that reported at the national level(AU)

The costs and benefits of duality: Colombia's decentralization and the response to the COVID-19 pandemic / Custos e benefícios da dualidade: a descentralização da Colômbia e a resposta à pandemia de COVID-19 / Los costos y efectos de la dualidad: descentralización en Colombia y la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Colombia's duality between the relative strength of the central government and the broad process of decentralization towards subnational and local governments has shaped the country's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Substantial tensions have arisen between the national and subnational governments in the handling of the crisis. Thus, blurred policy boundaries challenge multi-level government coordination. Yet, intergovernmental relations and multi-level governance have worked at some extent. Meanwhile, leadership styles, the level of political support, the local governance environment and the level of local institutional capacity have affected the strategies of local government leaders and their success to tackle the pandemic. Moreover, uneven healthcare capacity across the Colombian territory posits further challenges for a national response to the pandemic that ensures both effectiveness and equity.

Resumo A dualidade da Colômbia, entre a força relativa do governo central e o amplo processo de descentralização com fortalecimento de governos subnacionais e locais, estabeleceu os contornos da resposta do país à pandemia de COVID-19. Testemunhou-se uma substancial tensão entre os governos nacional e subnacionais no tratamento da crise. Os limites pouco claros das políticas desafiam a coordenação governamental em vários níveis. No entanto, as relações intergovernamentais e a governança em vários níveis funcionaram até certo ponto. Enquanto isso, os estilos de liderança, o nível de apoio político, o ambiente local de governança e o nível local de capacidade institucional, afetaram as estratégias das lideranças governamentais locais e seu sucesso no combate à pandemia. Além disso, as desigualdades na capacidade de prover serviços de saúde em todo o território colombiano apresentam desafios adicionais para uma resposta nacional à pandemia que garanta efetividade e equidade.

Resumen La dualidad del modelo unitario descentralizado de Colombia, entre la fuerza relativa del gobierno central y el amplio proceso de descentralización hacia los gobiernos subnacionales y locales ha influido en la respuesta del país frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Algunas tensiones sustanciales han aparecido entre los gobiernos nacional y subnacionales en el manejo de la crisis. Un contexto con algunos límites jurisdiccionales borrosos impone un reto a la coordinación gubernamental multinivel. Sin embargo, las relaciones intergubernamentales y la gobernanza multinivel parecen haber funcionado en alguna medida. Por otro lado, los estilos de liderazgo, el nivel de apoyo político, el entorno local de gobernanza y el nivel local de capacidad institucional han afectado las estrategias de las autoridades locales y su éxito al enfrentar la pandemia. Más aun, las disparidades en la capacidad de protección en salud a lo largo del territorio colombiano plantean desafíos adicionales para una respuesta coordinada nacional a la pandemia que asegure tanto efectividad como equidad.

First record of the gray-legged tinamou, Crypturellus duidae, and other poor-soil specialist birds from peatlands in the Putumayo River basin, Loreto, Peru

Crypturellus duidae (Tinamidae) is a poor-soil specialist with isolated populations in Amazonia, and is considered restricted to white-sand forest habitats. We report the first record of C. duidae in a peatland forest in northern Peru, in the Putumayo River basin. Our record extends the known distribution of C. duidae between two disjoint areas of occurrence in Peru and Colombia, and shows its presence in peatland forest, another forest type on nutrient-poor soils. Additionally, we report the presence of other poor-soil specialist bird species that were previously registered in peatlands. Together with the new record of C. duidae, these bird records provide evidence of the diversity of poor-soil specialists in peatland forests. (AU)

Effectiveness of adherence to a renal health program in a health network in Peru / Efectividad de la adherencia a un programa de salud renal en una red sanitaria de Perú

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of adherence to a multidisciplinary renal health program in reducing mortality and progression to hemodialysis. METHODS We used a database that included patient monitoring (2013-2017), dialysis admissions and all cause of mortality in Peru. Adherence to the program was established by meeting minimum visits during the first year of monitoring. The outcome of interest was hemodialysis admissions or all cause-mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-Rank test and competing survival analysis methods were used to estimate the differential risk between adherent and non-adherent patients. RESULTS A total of 20,354 participants was evaluated; 54.1% were male, 72.1 years old in average, 2.2 years average follow-up, and 15,279 (75.1%) belonged to the early stages (1 to 3a) of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adherence decreased the risk of renal replacement therapy in 41.0% (HR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.41-0.85) in the low-risk group and mortality in the high-risk group was 31.0% (HR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.57-0.83). CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary care strategy with standardized assessments by stage is effective in reducing admission to .0when the patient is identified in early stages and in reducing mortality in advanced stages.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Evaluar la efectividad de la adherencia a un programa de salud renal en la reducción de mortalidad y progresión a hemodiálisis. MÉTODOS Utilizamos una base de datos que condensaba el seguimiento de los pacientes (2013-2017), los ingresos a diálisis de los mismos y la mortalidad por todas las causas en Perú. La adherencia al programa se estableció con el cumplimiento de visitas mínimas durante su primer año de seguimiento. La efectividad de la adherencia al programa se midió en términos de debut a hemodiálisis o muerte por todas las causas. Se utilizaron curvas de Kaplan-Meier, test de diferencias en la distribución (Log-Rank test) y métodos de análisis de supervivencia. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando R estudio 3.5.0 RESULTADOS Fueron evaluados 20.354 participantes, 54,1% varones, edad media de 72,1 años, con un seguimiento medio de 2,2 años; 15.279 (75.1%) tuvieron ERC en estadios tempranos (estadio 1 al 3a). La adherencia disminuyó en un 41,0% el riesgo de terapia de reemplazo renal (HR = 0,59; IC95% 0,41-0,85) en el grupo de bajo riesgo y en un 31,0% (HR = 0,69; IC95% 0,57-0,83) la mortalidad en el grupo de alto riesgo. CONCLUSIONES La estrategia de cuidado multidisciplinario con evaluaciones estandarizadas según estadio es efectiva en reducir el ingreso a terapia de reemplazo renal cuando se identifica al paciente en estadios tempranos y en reducir la mortalidad en estadios avanzados.

Immunocompromised patients and coronavirus disease 2019: a review and recommendations for dental health care

Abstract In less than four months, an unprecedented pandemic changed the world scenario, closing institutions and commerce, paralyzing sports championships, blocking frontiers, and putting almost all populations in a house quarantine regimen. Immunocompromised patients are within the high-risk group to severe outcomes from COVID-19. However, there is no clear evidence of the association between impaired immune host status and complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection so far. The virus is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with infected secretions, and therefore the dental office is a highly susceptible environment for such transmission. Here, we review the literature and discuss immunological COVID-19 related issues. We also make suggestions for immunocompromised patients' support in this new emerging context of clinical dental practice. Until comprehensive findings are published, individuals with impaired immunity should be considered as high-risk. Cross infection control procedures for the clinical care of immunocompromised patients should follow the same guidelines that are being proposed for immunocompetent ones. However, during the active outbreak, people under immunosuppressive conditions should not receive elective procedures, even if they do not have symptoms or exposure history to COVID-19, and in case of emergence, care must be done in a separate airborne room. In the pos-pandemic phase, the dental care general recommendations should be the same for all subjects. Changes in the current guidelines have been proposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection control in order to provide the best and safe dental practice. However, they still need to be validated by future studies.

DNA Methylation patterns of immune response-related genes in inflammatory external root resorption

Abstract Inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) is a pathological process defined by the progressive loss of dental hard tissue, dentin, and cementum, resulting from the combination of the loss of external root protective apparatus and root canal infection. It has been suggested that healing patterns after tooth replantation may be influenced by the genetic and immunological profiles of the patients. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the DNA methylation patterns of 22 immune response-related genes in extracted human teeth presenting with IERR. Methylation assays were performed on samples of root fragments showing IERR and compared with healthy bone tissue collected during the surgical extraction of impacted teeth. The methylation patterns were quantified using EpiTect Methyl II Signature Human Cytokine Production PCR Array. The results revealed significantly higher hypermethylation of the FOXP3 gene promoter in IERR (65.95%) than in the bone group (23.43%) (p < 0.001). The ELANE gene was also highly methylated in the pooled IERR sample, although the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.054). Our study suggests that the differential methylation patterns of immune response-related genes, such as FOXP3 and ELANE, may be involved in IERR modulation, and this could be related to the presence of root canal infection. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings to determine the functional relevance of these alterations and their role in the pathogenesis of IERR.

Tumor de células gigantes en cúbito de paciente postrauma / Giant cell tumor in ulna of trauma patient

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores de células gigantes pueden originarse en el tejido óseo, sinovial o cualquier otro tejido blando. Se caracterizan por su rápido crecimiento. A pesar de ser comúnmente benignos, si se dejan evolucionar sin tratamiento, hay riesgo de que en su proceso de crecimiento destruyan el tejido adyacente y afecten la funcionalidad, estructura y apariencia de la zona anatómica afectada. Objetivo: Describir el curso clínico y manejo terapéutico de un paciente con tumor de células gigantes en el antebrazo. Caso clínico: Se presenta paciente masculino de 28 años, que se le diagnosticó tumoración ósea en tercio distal del cúbito, y a quien, por su voluntad de no atenderse, no se le realizó el abordaje y manejo quirúrgico. Un año después, regresó al servicio de urgencias. Tenía mayor volumen en las dimensiones tumorales, con cambios a nivel del tercio distal del cúbito, lesiones de patrón lítico, pérdida de la cortical, con reacción perióstica, bordes mal definidos y afectación de tejidos blandos circundantes. Se diagnóstico probable tumor de células gigantes. El manejo quirúrgico permitió la conservación del antebrazo, pero a un año de su intervención quirúrgica, dada la probabilidad de recidiva, su pronóstico permanece incierto. Conclusiones: La velocidad de crecimiento de los tumores de células gigantes amerita decisiones oportunas, dado que el tiempo que transcurre previo al tratamiento puede, como en el presente caso, traducirse en un crecimiento destructivo de los tejidos adyacentes. A más de un año de la cirugía, el pronóstico del paciente es incierto, pues la probabilidad de recidiva permanece latente(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Giant cell tumors can originate in bone, synovial, or any other soft tissue. They are characterized by their rapid growth. Despite being commonly benign, if they are allowed to evolve without treatment, they may destroy adjacent tissue, in its growth process, affecting the functionality, structure and appearance of the affected anatomical area. Objective: To describe the clinical course and therapeutic management of a patient with a giant cell tumor in the forearm. Clinical case: We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with a bone mass in the distal third of the ulna. This patient desired not to undergo surgical management. A year later, he returned to the emergency room. the tumor had greater dimensions, changes at the level of the distal third of ulna, lytic pattern lesions, loss of the cortex, periosteal reaction, poorly defined edges and involvement of surrounding soft tissues. Giant cell tumor was the probable diagnosis. Surgical management allowed the forearm preservation, but one year after surgery, the prognosis remains uncertain, given the probability of recurrence. Conclusions: The growth rate of giant cell tumors merits timely decisions, since the time that elapses prior to treatment can, as in the present case, translate into destructive growth of adjacent tissues. More than a year after surgery, the prognosis is uncertain for this patient, as the probability of recurrence remains latent(AU)

RÉSUMÉ Introduction: Les tumeurs à cellules géantes peuvent être localisées au niveau du tissu osseux, du tissu synovial ou d'un autre tissu mou quelconque. Elles sont caractérisées par une croissance rapide. Malgré leur classique bénignité, si elles évoluent sans traitement, elles risquent de détruire le tissu adjacent et d'altérer la fonction, la structure et l'apparence de la région affectée lors du processus de croissance. Objectif: Décrire l'évolution clinique et la prise en charge thérapeutique d'un patient atteint de tumeur à cellules géantes au niveau de l'avant-bras. Cas clinique: Un patient âgé de 28 ans, diagnostiqué d'une tumeur osseuse au niveau du tiers distal du cubitus, sans abord ni traitement chirurgical dû à son refus de soin, est présenté. Un an après, il est rentré au service d'urgence. La tumeur avait grandi, et présentait des changements au niveau du tiers distal du cubitus, des lésions lytiques, une perte osseuse corticale, une réaction périostée, des bords mal définis, et un dommage des tissus mous environnants. Une probable tumeur à cellules géantes a été diagnostiquée. Le traitement chirurgical a permis la conservation de l'avant-bras, mais un an après l'intervention, son pronostic reste incertain, étant donnée la probabilité de récidive. Conclusions: La rapide croissance des tumeurs exige des décisions opportunes, car le temps parcouru avant le traitement peut se traduire -comme dans ce cas- par une atteinte destructive des tissus adjacents. Plus d'un an après la chirurgie, le pronostic du patient reste incertain, parce que la probabilité de récidive est encore latente(AU)

Early detection of chronic renal disease: coordinated work between primary and specialized care in an ambulatory renal network of Peru / Detecção precoce de doença renal crônica: trabalho coordenado entre atenção primária e especializada em uma rede peruana de atenção renal ambulatorial

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to report the implementation of a functional network for the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with risk factors and the coordinated work between primary and specialized care in social security in Perú. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the data of patients evaluated in a health network in the city of Lima (2013 to 2016), older than 18 years, with risk factors for CKD, evaluated with serum creatinine and creatine albumin ratio in random urine (ACR). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the finding of CKD. Results: The implementation included training in renal health, installation of a digital database, organization of laboratories, and empowerment of primary care. We evaluated 42,746 patients of which 41.8% were men, with median age 69.2 years. The most frequent cause of detection was hypertension (HBP): 23,921 (55.9%). The prevalence of CKD was 12,132 (28.4%), the most frequent stage of CKD was 3a: 4735 (39.0%). Of the total, 6214 (14.5%) patients had microalbuminuria and 1335 (3.1%), macroalbuminuria. The risk of CKD increased 2.5 times (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) in patients with diabetes (DM) and HBP, in men (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2-1.3) and as age increased (> 77 years: OR 2.7, 95% CI: 2.5-2.8). The identification of the disease in the primary care setting is 60% less likely than in specialized care. Conclusions: One of every four patients are diagnosed with CKD, and the simultaneous diagnosis of DM and HBP and old age are the most important factors.

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a implementação de uma rede funcional para o diagnóstico precoce de doença renal crônica (DRC) em pacientes com fatores de risco e o coordenar os trabalhos entre atenção primária e especializada no sistema de seguridade social peruano. Material e métodos: Análise transversal dos dados de pacientes maiores de 18 anos com fatores de risco para DRC avaliados em uma rede de saúde na cidade de Lima (2013 a 2016) por meio de creatinina sérica e relação albumina/creatinina (RAC) em amostra aleatória de urina. Análise de regressão logística multivariada foi executada para avaliar os fatores associados à presença de DRC. Resultados: A implementação incluiu treinamento em saúde renal, instalação de um banco de dados digital, organização de laboratórios e empoderamento da atenção primária. Foram avaliados 42.746 pacientes, dos quais 41,8% eram homens, com idade mediana de 69,2 anos. A causa mais comum de detecção foi hipertensão, observada em 23.921 indivíduos (55,9%). A prevalência de DRC foi de 12.132 (28,4%), com estágio 3A sendo o mais frequente com 4735 casos (39,0%). Do total, 6214 (14,5%) pacientes apresentavam microalbuminúria e 1335 (3,1%) macroalbuminúria. O risco de DRC foi 2,5 vezes maior (IC 95%: 2,3-2,7) nos pacientes com diabetes e hipertensão, em homens (OR 1,2, IC 95%: 1,2-1,3) e idosos (> 77 anos: OR 2,7, IC 95%: 2,5-2,8). A identificação da doença no cenário da atenção primária é 60% menos provável do que na atenção especializada. Conclusões: Um em cada quatro pacientes é diagnosticado com DRC. Idade avançada e diagnóstico simultâneo de DM e hipertensão são os fatores mais relevantes.

Efecto de la densidad de siembra en el desarrollo vegetativo del aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) en plantaciones forestales / Effect of sowing density on the vegetative development of aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) in forest plantations

En este trabajo es estudiado el efecto de dos densidades de siembra de la palmera aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) sobre su crecimiento en altura; cuantificamos la proporción de plantas según sexo y determinamos los requerimientos ecológicos de iluminación y forma de copa del aguaje. El estudio se desarrolló en dos subparcelas con diferente densidad de siembra que fueron monitoreadas por 6 años después de 6 años de haber sido plantadas. Los resultados muestran que los individuos presentan mayor altura promedio y por lo tanto mayor crecimiento a mayor densidad de siembra. Es así que a los 12 años de establecidas las plantaciones, los individuos tuvieron en promedio 15.28 m y 13.1 m de altura a densidades de siembra mayores y menores, respectivamente. La proporción de palmeras fértiles se fue incrementando con el tiempo, siendo por lo general mayor a bajas densidades e incrementando en el tiempo la presencia de plantas femeninas. Existe una marcada competencia entre las copas de las palmeras por requerimientos de luz en las categorías buena y aceptable, por lo que se recomienda continuar con la evaluación y analizar el comportamiento futuro de las palmeras.

In this work, the effect of two planting distances of Mauritia flexuosa on its height is studied, quantified the sex ratio and ecological requirements needed by the species, e.g. light and crown shape. We conducted this study in two plots, each one with a different planting distance, which were monitored throughout 6 years starting after 6 years of the establishment of the plantations. Increased planting distance in between individuals gave increased average height and thus increased growth. Individuals planted with higher vs lower distances grew in average 15.28 m and 13.1 m in height respectively. The proportion of fertile palms increased throughout time and was lower in plantations with higher palm densities. The presence of female individuals increased also with time. There was a strong competition among palm crowns related to light requirements in good and acceptable categories. We recommended to continue with the evaluation and future analysis of this species' behavior.

Pinzamiento femoroacetabular secundario a osteocondroma ilíaco solitario / Femoroacetabular impingement secondary to solitary iliac osteochondroma

El pinzamiento femoroacetabular provoca dolor agudo en la ingle anterior y limita la movilidad de la cadera. Es un síndrome clínico propiciado por una alteración en la anatomía ósea. Los osteocondromas son los principales tipos de tumores benignos, alteran la anatomía ósea y, según su localización, pueden generar dolor y pinzamiento. Este reporte de caso tuvo como objetivo el describir el tratamiento dado y la evolución clínica de un paciente con pinzamiento secundario a un osteocondroma ilíaco solitario. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 20 años con agudización de un dolor punzante y disminución en los arcos de movilidad en la articulación de la cadera derecha, sin mejoría con tratamiento sintomático. Mediante estudios de imagen se identificó una masa tumoral en la región afectada. Se realizó resección quirúrgica total mediante un abordaje lateral directo extendido de Hardinge. Dada la naturaleza benigna del tumor y su total resección, el paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y se pudo incorporar a sus actividades cotidianas. Se concluye que los osteocondromas no son exclusivos de las metáfisis o epífisis de huesos largos. Deben sospecharse las presentaciones atípicas cuando el cuadro clínico es sugestivo, aun después de la adolescencia(AU)

Femoroacetabular impingement generates acute pain in the anterior groin and limitation of hip mobility. It is a clinical syndrome caused by an alteration in bone anatomy. Osteochondromas are the main types of benign tumors, they alter the bone anatomy and depending on their location, they can generate pain and impingement. This case report aims to serve as a reference for specialized care in communicating the diagnostic challenges and approach in a patient with secondary clamping to osteochondroma of atypical presentation. The present case report aims to describe the given treatment and clinical evolution of a patients presenting femoroacetabular impingement secondary to a solitary osteochondroma. We report a 20-year-old male patient with exacerbation of a shooting pain and decrease in the mobility arches in his right hip joint, with no improvement with symptomatic treatment. Through imaging studies, a tumor mass was identified in the affected region. Total surgical resection was performed through an extended direct lateral approach of Hardinge. Given the benign nature of the tumor and its total resection, the patient evolved satisfactorily. The prognosis is favorable. He was able to return to his daily activities. We concluded that osteochondromas are not exclusive to the metaphysis or epiphyses of long bones. Atypical presentations should be suspected when clinical manifestations suggest so, even after adolescence(AU)

Le pincement fémoro-acétabulaire provoque une douleur aigue au niveau du bassin antérieur et empêche la mobilité de la hanche. Il s'agit d'un syndrome clinique poussé par une altération de l'anatomie osseuse. Les ostéochondromes sont des tumeurs bénignes, altérant l'anatomie osseuse et, selon leur localisation, pouvant même déclencher la douleur et le pincement. Ce rapport de cas a le but de décrire le traitement proposé et l'évolution clinique d'un patient atteint de pincement secondaire à un ostéochondrome iliaque solitaire. Un patient âgé de 20 ans souffrant la recrudescence d'une douleur aigue et la diminution des arcs de mobilité de l'articulation de la hanche droite, sans soulagement, même sous traitement symptomatique, est présenté. Une masse tumorale a été identifiée par imagerie dans la région affectée. On a effectué une résection chirurgicale totale par la voie d'abord latérale directe et étendue de Hardinge. Étant données la nature bénigne de la tumeur et sa totale résection, le patient a eu une évolution satisfaisante, et a pu s'incorporer aux activités de la vie quotidienne. On peut conclure que les ostéochondromes ne sont pas exclusifs de la métaphyse ou de l'épiphyse des os longs. On doit suspecter des présentations atypiques lorsque le tableau clinique est suggestif, même après l'adolescence(AU)

A multicenter study of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in a Brazilian pediatric population

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among children from representative regions of Brazil. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Biopsy records comprising the period from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the archives of three Brazilian oral pathology referral centers. A total of 32,506 biopsy specimens were analyzed, and specimens from 1,706 children aged 0-12 years were selected. Gender, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was carried out. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The post-hoc test was used to identify the subgroups that significantly differed from one another, and the Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 1,706 oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed in pediatric patients, including 51.9% girls. Oral mucocele was the most prevalent reactive/inflammatory lesion (64%). The most commonly affected sites were the lips (34.5%) and mandible (19.9%). A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (p < 0.001), and between age and anatomical location (p < 0.001). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions were frequent and showed wide diversity, with the prevalence of mucocele. Knowledge of oral lesions is important for pediatric dentists worldwide, since it provides accurate data for the diagnosis and oral health of children.

Progresión de enfermedad renal crónica en un hospital de referencia de la seguridad social de Perú 2012-2015 / Progression of chronic renal disease in a reference hospital of social security of Peru 2012-2015

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir las características de la población con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) estadio 3 y 4, determinar los factores asociados a progresión de ERC y a ingreso a terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR), así como la sobrevida renal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal de pacientes remitidos entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 a la Unidad de Salud Renal del Hospital Nacional de Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), quienes fueron evaluados y seguidos por un equipo multidisciplinario. Los datos clínicos y de laboratorio de cada consulta se registraron en un software creado específicamente para el programa. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariado para evaluar los factores asociados con la progresión de la ERC, un modelo de regresión de Cox para predecir el riesgo de ingresar al TRR y el método de Kaplan-Meier para el análisis de supervivencia renal. Resultados. Se evaluó a 1248 pacientes en estadio 3A: 248 (20%), estadio 3b: 548 (44%) y estadio 4: 452 (36%). 352 (28%) progresaron, siendo la proteinuria el factor de progresión más importante (OR: 3,2; IC95%: 2,2-4,6). La proteinuria incrementa el riesgo de ingreso a la TRR en cuatro veces y el tener una tasa de filtración glomerular <30% en 3,6 veces. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 12 meses (RIC 5-27 meses). 92 pacientes (7%) requirieron iniciar TRR. La supervivencia renal a los 12 meses de seguimiento fue del 96% y a los 24 meses de 90%. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio muestra que en un centro especializado una proporción significativa de pacientes con ERC no progresa en su enfermedad y que el factor que más se asocia a progresión de enfermedad y a inicio de TRR es la proteinuria.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To describe the characteristics of the population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and 4, to determine the factors associated with CKD progression and admission to renal replacement therapy (RRT), as well as renal survival. Materials and methods. Longitudinal retrospective study of patients referred between January 2012 and December 2015 to the Renal Health Unit of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), who were evaluated and followed by a multidisciplinary team. The clinical and laboratory data for each query were recorded in a software created specifically for the program. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with the progression of CKD, a Cox regression model to predict the risk of entering RRT and the Kaplan-Meier method for renal survival analysis. Results. We assessed 1248 patients in stage 3A: 248 (20%), stage 3B: 548 (44%) and stage 4: 452 (36%). 352 (28%) progressed, being proteinuria the most important progression factor (OR: 3.2; CI 95%: 2,2-4.6). Proteinuria increases the risk of admission to RRT in four times and having a glomerular filtration rate < 30% in 3.6 times. Median follow-up was 12 months (RIC 5-27 months). 92 patients (7%) required to initiate RRT. Renal survival at 12 months of follow-up was 96% and at 24 months was 90%. Conclusions. Our study shows that in a specialized center a significant proportion of patients with CKD does not progress in their disease and that the factor that is most associated with progression of disease and at the onset of RRT is proteinuria.

DNA Aneuploidy in Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms is Independent of USP44 Protein Expression

Chromosomal instability, leading to aneuploidy, is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. USP44 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 44) is an important molecule that plays a regulatory role in the mitotic checkpoint and USP44 loss causes chromosome mis-segregation, aneuploidy and tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, it was investigated the immunoexpression of USP44 in 28 malignant salivary gland neoplasms and associated the results with DNA ploidy status assessed by image cytometry. USP44 protein was widely expressed in most of the tumor samples and no clear association could be established between its expression and DNA ploidy status or tumor size. On this basis, it may be concluded that the aneuploidy of the salivary gland cancers included in this study was not driven by loss of USP44 protein expression.

Resumo Instabilidade cromossômica acarretando aneuploidia é um dos fatores marcantes de neoplasias malignas humanas. USP44 (peptidase específica de ubiquitina 44) é uma importante molécula que exerce um papel regulador no ciclo celular e sua perda pode acarretar em segregação cromossômica deficiente, aneuploidia e desenvolvimento de tumores in vivo. Neste estudo, investigou-se a expressão imuno-histoquímica da proteína USP44 em 28 neoplasias malignas de glândulas salivares, associando-se os resultados com o estado de ploidia do DNA avaliado por citometria de fluxo. A proteína USP44 apresentou ampla expressão na maioria das amostras avaliadas e não foi observada associação entre a expressão protéica e o estado de ploidia do DNA ou extensão do tumor. Baseando-se nos resultados, concluiu-se que a aneuploidia das neoplasias malignas de glândulas de salivares incluídas neste estudo não foi influenciada pela perda de expressão da proteína USP44.

Factores asociados a la presencia de sangrado clasificados por el Bleeding Academic Research Consortium, en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea / Factors associated with presence of bleeding classified by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Resumen Fundamentos y objetivos: El sangrado es la principal complicación no cardiaca relacionada con la intervención coronaria percutánea y se asocia a un aumento en el riesgo de eventos adversos. Actualmente existen varias escalas para definir riesgo de sangrado y varias definiciones de sangrado. El objetivo es determinar los factores asociados con la presencia de sangrado en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea, utilizando la escala de Bleeding Academic Research Consortium y posteriormente ofrecer recomendaciones. Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional analítico tipo casos y controles en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sometidos a intervención coronaria percutánea a quienes se aplicó la escala de Bleeding Academic Research Consortium. Los casos fueron definidos por pacientes que presentaron sangrado posterior al procedimiento (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium tipo 1-5) y los controles por pacientes que no presentaron sangrado (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium tipo 0). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 366 pacientes (121 casos, 245 controles). El 33% de pacientes presentaron algún tipo de sangrado distribuidos así: tipo 1: 12%, tipo 2: 13,4%, tipo 3: 7,3% y tipo 5: 0,3%. En el análisis multivariado los predictores más importantes de sangrado estadísticamente significativos fueron: sexo femenino, tratamiento con warfarina y uso de tirofiban durante la intervención coronaria percutánea. Conclusiones: El sangrado es un evento frecuente en la intervención coronaria percutánea, encontrando que utilizando la clasificación de Bleeding Academic Research Consortium la mayoría de los sangrados fueron tipo 1 y 2. Los factores de riesgo para sangrado descritos a nivel mundial, son parecidos a los del estudio. El sexo femenino, el uso de warfarina y uso de tirofibán fueron estadísticamente significativos. Consideramos que un buen instrumento para definir tipo de sangrado es la escala de Bleeding Academic Research Consortium.

Abstract Background and objectives: Bleeding is the main non-cardiac complication related to percutaneous coronary intervention and it is associated to an increase of the risk of adverse events. Nowadays there are multiple scales to define risk of bleeding and several definitions for bleeding. The goal is to determine factors associated to the presence of bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneus coronary intervention, using the the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale to then issue recommendations. Material and methods: Case-control analytical observational study in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention applying the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale. Cases were defined by patients who presented bleeding following the surgery (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 1-5) and controls by patients who did not show bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 0). Results: 366 were selected (121 cases, 245 controls). 33% of the patients showed some type of bleeding, divided into: type 1: 12%; type 2: 13.4%; type 3: 7.3% and type 5: 0.3%. Multivariate analysis of most important predictive factors for bleeding that were statistically significant were: female gender, warfarin treatment and use of Tirobifan during percutaneus coronary intervention. Conclusions: Bleeding is a frequent event during percutaneus coronary intervention. According to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification, most bleedings were of types 1 and 2. Risk factors for bleeding described worldwide are similar to those of this study. Female gender, warfarin treatment and use of Tirobifan were statistically significant. Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale is considered a good indicator to define bleeding types.