frequency of coagulase negative staphylococci urinary infections with antimicrobial resistance pattern in Rafsanjan

Coagulase negative staphylococci are recognized as the important agents in the urinary infections of young women and elderly men. These agents are resistant to many of the antibiotics. The objective of this study was to find out the frequency and antimicrobial resistance pattern of this organism in urinary infections. This cross sectional study was performed on 1067 patients who were referred to Rafsanjan laboratory due to urinary symptoms. Urine analysis and cultures with [Blood agar, Eosin methylen blue, Hinton Agar], besides Catalase and coagulase assay were done. Coagulase negative staphylococci was isolated from 6% of cultures. Frequency of this infection had no difference between female and male and also between different groups. Based on antibiotic resistance pattern; resistance to Cefalotin was [72.5%], Cotrimoxazole [62.5%], Penicillin [60%], Nitrofurantoin and Gentamycin [55%], Nalidixic acid [52.5%], Oxacillin [47.5%, Cephalexin [45%], Clindamycin [35%], Vancomycin [30%] and Ciprofloxacin [2.5%]. Positive cultures are significant [6%] and recognition of urinary infection due to Coagulase negative staphylococci is very important because misdiagnosis leads to wrong treatment

[Evaluating the association of CCR5-d32 mutation with type 2 diabetes in Rafsanjani's patients]

Background: although type-2 mellitus diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, it's main cause yet to be identified. Chemokines and their receptors are probable effective systems on diabetes. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor playing an important role in immune responses. Studies showed that the known delta32 mutation in CCR5 gene leads to disorder in the expression and function of this receptor. Hence, this project aimed to analyze the known delta32 mutation in CCR5 chemokine receptor

Materials and methods: blood samples were collected from 200 type 2 diabetic patients and 300 healthy adult controls on EDTA pre-coated tubes. DNA was extracted using commercial kit. DNA samples were analyzed for delta32 mutation by Gap-PCR in diabetic patients in compared to controls. The demographic information was collected through questionnaire

Results: our results showed that none of the diabetic patients displayed CCR5 delta32 mutation. While 2 out of 300 healthy controls had heterozigotic form of this mutation. Statistical analysis didn't show any significant difference between the two groups

Conclusion: several different studies analyzed the relation of this mutation with different types of diseases including diabetes. All studies failed to find a relation between this mutation and type 2diabetes. Since these studies were performed in different geographical points and races, we studied this mutation in Rafsanjani's population. Based on the results of our study it could be probably concluded that this mutation does not play a key role in the establishment of type 2 diabetes

[Evaluation of serum anti-HBS concentration in children vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at birth]

Vaccination with the major surface antigen of hepatitis B virus [HBsAg] induces anti-HBs antibody production and level of 10 IU/L is considered protective. It has been shown that the level of anti-HBs antibody does wane after vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of anti-HBs antibodies in healthy Iranian children 10 years after primary vaccination. Blood samples were collected from 146 children, 10 years after completion of primary hepatitis B vaccination course at birth. The sera were tested for anti-HBs, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc] and HBsAg by use of ELISA technique. At 10 years after primary vaccination, 70 [47.9%] children had protective levels of antibody [anti-HBs> 10 IU/L] with mean titer of 68.1 IU/ml. Moreover, 45 [30.82%] children were negative for anti-HBs antibody. Distribution of children according to anti-HBs concentration revealed that the proportion of subjects with antibody titer of 0-10 IU/L, 10-100 IU/L, 100-500 IU/L and 500-1000 IU/L was 52.1%, 24.6%, 20.5% and 2.7%, respectively. All children were negative for HBsAg, although anti-HBc was positive in 11 [7.5%] children. There was no difference in the seroprotection rates of males and females. The results of present study show that after 10 years after primary vaccination with recombinant HB vaccine, 47.9% of the children had protective levels of anti-HBs antibody. On basis of the HBsAg and anti-HBc results, it seems that effective immunological memory exists in children. Additional follow-up studies need to be conducted to determine the duration of protection