Investigation of double-band electrophoretic pattern of ITS-rDNA region in Iranian isolates of leishmania tropica

Leishmania tropica is a genetically divergent species. Amplification of entire internal transcribed spacer [ITS] region of L. tropica isolates obtained from Bam district, one of the well known focus of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ACL] in Iran, revealed a double-band pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. This study explains how this pattern occurs. Twenty seven L. tropica smear preparations were collected from Bam district, south east Iran, and eight L. major and one L. infantum smear preparations were gathered from Shiraz, south west Iran. Furthermore one L. major and one L. infantum cultured standard strains were tested using entire ITS-PCR to survey their electrophoretic pattern. The ITS sequences of L. tropica, L. major, and L. infantum already deposited in GenBank were analyzed. Analysis of GenBank sequences of L. tropica revealed two groups of sequences based on length size, one group having a 100 bp gap. Therefore, a new reverse primer namely LITS-MG was designed to exclude this gap in PCR products. Whole ITS fragment amplification resulted in a double-band pattern in all L. tropica cases, while a sharp single band was observed for L. infantum and L. major isolates. This result was corresponding to the result obtained from in silico analysis of GenBank sequences. Use of LITS-MG primer was expectedly resulted in a single band including ITS1, 5.8s and partial ITS2 product for L. tropica which is appropriate for following molecular studies such as sequencing or restriction analysis. Sequences analysis of GenBank L. tropica sequences and following practical laboratory tests revealed at least two alleles in L. tropica which were confirmed in Bam isolates. This especial double-band pattern is because of a 100 bp fragment difference within ITS-rDNA alleles.

Epidemiological features of visceral leishmaniasis in Fars province, southern Iran

To describe the epidemiological features of pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. This retrospective study was carried out using local hospital records of VL patients from 2001 through 2009. Data such as age, gender, place of residence, clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, history of recurrence were recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 260 cases of VL have been recorded during 2001 to 2009 in south of Iran, based on hospital records. Mean age of patients was 3.5 years with the highest prevalence in 2 years old patients. The diseases have been more common in males [60%]. The main clinical signs and symptoms of the patients were fever [96.2%], hepatosplenomegaly [68.8%] and abdominal protrusion [71.9%]. Most of cases were from Kazeroun County [17.5%] in Fars Province followed by Borazjan in Boushehr Province. Bone marrow aspirations have been performed in 178 of cases and Leishmania amastigotes were detected in only 50 [28.1%] cases. Glucantime has been the first drug treatment while 19.3% of cases have been treated with amphotericin B. Mortality rate was 6.2% and children under 1 year old have been the main victim of the disease. Relapse has been noted in 7.3% of patients. VL is still endemic in South of Iran, especially in Fars Province with a noticeable mortality rate. Moreover, cases of the diseases are reporting from neighboring provinces and this might be due to the spreading of the diseases to the adjacent provinces