Gynotypic X environmental interaction of Cowpea genotypes

Twenty four Cowpea varieties were raised at NIAB and ARRI, Faisalabad selected for plant height [42-136cm] days taken to 95% flowering [62-79 days] and for diseases resistance [0.67-7 rating]. Infestation was maximum on IT-97K-461-4, 1068-7, IT-97K 1042-8 and IT-98k-558-1 and was graded as susceptible. Maximum grain yield was recorded in Elite [649 kg/ha] and lowest grain yield was observed in IT-95K-1156-3 [332.3 kg/ha]. Yield and yield contributing characters of twenty four entries tested revealed that they differ significantly from each other. The stability parameters for 12 locations indicated that the interaction was of cross over nature because the ranking of mean seed yield at 12 locations was dissimilar except NCP-1 which stood first at all the 12 locations. Regression coefficient of the six genotypes was non significant from zero. Standard deviation to regression S2d was also non significant except IT-97k-1042-8 genotype Elite with second highest yield performance had 0.982 non significant value of b near to unity and non significant S2d almost equal to zero [0.001]. In addition to Elite the highest yielding line NCp-1 also showed stability because it had non significant regression coefficient [b] value from unity and non significant standard deviation to regression [S2d] from zero

Genotypic and environmental interaction in advanced lines of rice under salt-affected soils of Punjab

Sixteen genotypes developed through hybridization and mutation breeding techniques were evaluated during the year 2003-04 on nine locations covering most of the area of Punjab province including Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh and Jhang. NIAB-IRRI-9, Jhona-379 salt tolerant genotypes and super Basmati, a salt sensitive variety were included as standard checks. The tested material [six genotypes] was generated by crossing fine varieties of rice viz. Basmati-370 and Basmati-385 with three coarse varieties of rice viz. NIAB-IRRI-9, Jhona-349 and NIAB-Rice-1. The mutants [seven mutants] were derived by gamma irradiation of rice varieties, Basmati-370 and Basmati-385. The nine sets of experiments were conducted in the naturally high saline sodic soils having EC range of 9.2-18.13 d/Sm pH=8.65-9.50, and SAR=20.7-37.15. The seed yield data collected at maturity and stability parameters were computed to know genotypic x environment interaction and varietals performance. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant variance in case of varieties, locations and varieties x locations interaction. Varieties and varieties x Environment [Lin] also showed highly significant differences. It means that genotypes exhibited different behavior in different locations / environments which is due to their different genetic make up. The behavior may be cross over [in which significant change in ranking occurs from one environment to another] or cross over nature [in which case the ranking of genotype remains constant across environments and the interaction is significant because of change in the magnitude of response] depending upon the ranking order of genotypes performance under different environment. In our study, only super Basmati behavior was of almost non cross over nature, while others had cross over type of interaction. Based on overall mean seed performance, mutant NIAB-Rice-4 and DM-38/88 produced significantly the highest grain yield [5.6 t/ha] followed by mutant line NIAB-Rice-5 [5.4 t/ha] and NIAB-rice-2 [5.3 t/ha]. The lowest performing genotype was super Basmati [3.0 t/ha]. The coarse variety Jhona-349 produced [4.8 t/ha] grain yield. Mutant line DM-38/88 showed significant regression co-efficient differences from unity while mutant line NIAB-Rice-4 showed non significant difference of regression co-efficient from unity. Mutant line, NIAB-Rice-4 also showed non significant difference of standard deviation to regression co-efficient from zero. All the three parameters of stability i.e. overall mean seed yield, regression co-efficient and standard deviation to regression, provided clear evidence that mutant line NIAB-Rice-4 produced maximum stable yield compared to super Basmati

Evaluation of advanced rice germplasm under water stress environment

Thirteen genotypes of rice comprising of approved varieties and elite candidate lines were studied at three different water regimes by supplying 12, 8 and 4 numbers of irrigations at different intervals/ stages. The experiment was conducted at NIAB Farm Faisalabad, Pakistan on a clay loam soil applying normal doses of N and P fertilizers during 2002-2003 keeping varieties in the main plot while treatments in sub plot. The data for twelve morphological characters i.e. days to flower, days to mature, plant height, panicle length, number of productive tillers, number of primary and secondary branches, 1000 grain weight, sterile grains per spike, number of total grains per spike, fertility percentage, grain yield were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared following DMR test. Effect of water stress on different morphological attributes in all treatments showed significant differences. Plant height, branches per plant, number of grains and grain yield reduced at less number of irrigations while sterility percentage was increased at less moisture conditions. Maximum grain yield [5349 Kg/ha] was achieved at T1 where 12 number of irrigations were applied at T2 [8 irrigations] and T3 [4 irrigations]. The yield reduction was observed from 30.32% to 42.53%, respectively as compared to T1 [12 irrigations]. Rice variety DM 64198 produced the highest seed yield [4766 Kg/ha] followed by DM-3-89 [4770 Kg/ha].This might be due to different genetic make up of the breeding lines and their behavior and interaction in water stress environment. Furthermore, high irrigation level made possible the appropriate water availability possible at proper time for performing different types of physiochemical processes of development that hindered at less number of irrigation or water stress environment. It may be concluded that for achieving maximum economic yield, at least 12 irrigations were essential otherwise the production will be reduced to a considerable extent

Genotypic and environmental interaction in advanced lines of wheat under salt-affected soils environment of Punjab

Wheat cultivars of diverse origin including approved varieties of different provinces of Pakistan i.e. Punjab, NWFP and Sindh were tested against different salinity levels in laboratory as well as in naturally saline fields in different ecological zones. Initially, 16 genotypes were studied for germination test at 6 different salinity levels ranging from 0-25 dS/m [2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, EC= dS/m]. Then, out of 16 cultivars, 11 were studied for the relative growth rate at different levels of salinity and after their study in the laboratory, 9 genotypes were selected for testing in the naturally saline areas of Punjab province. Under germination percentage study, the varieties viz. Pasban-90, Sarsabz, Bakhtawar, 93032 and 933118 were less affected than other varieties. As regards the relative plant growth, varieties viz. Sarsabz, Bakhtawar, and Pasban-90 were tolerant to salinity at seedling stage while Inqlab was graded as sensitive to salt stress. Regarding field performance, significant differences were observed in the varieties grown under different saline environments and varieties x environment interaction. Varieties x environment [Lin] interaction was non significant while nonlinear interaction [pooled deviation] was significant. Based on overall yield performance, the Sarsabz variety produced the highest seed yield [4.37 T/ha] followed by Bakhtawar [4.24 T/ha] and Pasban-90 [3.93 T/ha]. Regression coefficient values showed non significant differences to unity while standard deviation to regression showed significant differences to zero. These results indicated that the genotypes viz. Sarsabaz, Bakhtawar and Pasban-90 are better tolerant to saline environment as compared to others. The two genotypes, Marvi and 25219 had low regression values and can fit under stress environment

Clinico-Pathological fearures of soft tissue sarcoma [STS]

The object of the study was to review the clinico-pathological features of soft tissue sarcoma. The data of 86 patients, who were treated of Clinical Oncology Department Mayo Hospital Lahore, was collected from medical record for the year 1997-98 and analyzed for various parameters. The hospital frequency was 3.51% of all the malignancies with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Maximum patients were aged between 16-45 years. Two cases had genetically determined neurofibromatosis. Major histopathology noted was Fibrosarcoma [20.93%] followed by Rhabdomyosarcoma and Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 16.28% and 13.95% respectively. In patients with distant metastasis lung was the most common site involved. Lower limb and head and neck were predominantly involved sites 46.51% and 16.28% respectively. Children were having mostly Rhabdomyosarcoma, young adults had Fibrosarcoma and older ones presented with Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. Males were having predominantly Fibrosarcoma and females Liposarcomas. It was concluded that frequency of soft tissue sarcoma in our set up is little higher and middle aged patients were affected more. Commonest histopathology was Fibrosarcoma instead of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. Head and neck was second common site involved in our study. The majority of patients presented late which needs mass education about the disease detection