ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clarify the impact of increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on cardiac function of diabetic rats with myocardial infarction and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12): sham operation group (sham), diabetes + sham operation group (DM + sham), diabetes + MI group (DM + MI) , diabetes + myocardial infarction + cobalt original porphyrin (CoPP) group (DM + MI + CoPP), diabetes + myocardial infarction + CoPP+ tin porphyrin (SnMP) group (DM + MI + CoPP + SnMP). CoPP 4.5 mg/kg or SnMP 15 mg/kg were administered at the day next to MI operation, for six weeks, once a week. At the 28th week post operation, the echocardiography, left heart via the carotid artery indoor intubation were used to observe the long-term influence of HO-1 inducer (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP) and activity of HO inhibitor (tin porphyrin, SnMP) on the indices of left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function after the intervention. Blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum creatinine (Cr), aminotransferase (ALT) and other indicators were measured. ELISA was used to test interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), adiponectin, and ultra sensitive CRP (HsCRP) level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HO-1 inducer, CoPP, could ameliorate ± dp/dtmax, left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction in diabetic myocardial infarction rats. It could also decrease left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The serum bilirubin, NO and PGI2 levels, myocardial phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthasee(peNOS), phosphorylated activated protein kinase (pAkt), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) expression were also significantly elevated, and the serum hs-CRP and TNF levels were significantly inhibited. Compared to inducer group, cardiac function were worse in the inhibitor group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Upregulated HO-1 level can improve the endothelial function, inhibite of the inflammatory response and enhance the antioxidant substances in serum bilirubin via peNOS-pAMPK pathway, which effectively inhibit ventricular remodeling and improve the long-term cardiac function after infarction in diabetic rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants , Metabolism , Bilirubin , Blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) , Metabolism , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardium , Rats, Wistar , Signal Transduction , Up-Regulation , Ventricular Function, Left , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the role of seasons on the phytochemical properties of Azolla microphylla.Methods:Dried and powdered leaves (50g) were extracted with 300 ml of methanol using soxhlet extractor for 16 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent. Standard methods have been used to screen the phytochemical constituents. Conclusions: From the observations it can be concluded that the plant extracts show the presence of several bioactive compounds which could be exploited further.
ABSTRACT
Información proveniente de comunidades desarrolladas sugiere que el hierro en la leche humana es de alta biodisponibilidad y que los lactantes de término alimentados con el pecho están protegidos de la deficiencia de hierro durante los primeros 6 meses de vida. Se estudió el estado de nutrición de hierro de lactantes de término, sanos de 4, 6 y 9 meses de edad (n=68, 74 y 61 sujetos respectivamente) de bajo nivel socioeconómico, provenientes de áreas urbanas de Santiago, alimentados con leche materna como única fuente láctea (LM), comparándolos con 2 grupos de lactantes destetados antes de los 3 meses de edad, que recibieron, respectivamente, leche fortificada con hierro (LF) y leche no fortificada (LP). A los 4 meses, el grupo LM presentaba mejor nutrición de hierro, mostrando diferencias significativas con ambos grupos controles en la saturación de la transferrina 18,1+-9,9 vs 11,4+-4,3 y 12,0+-4,5) y en la protoporfirina eritrocitaria libre (80+-29 vs 90+-29 y 108+-33). Los promedios geométricos de ferritina sérica en los grupos LM y LF fueron significativamente mayores (p<0,001) que en el grupo LP (46,9 y 49,1 vs 25,0). A los 6 y 9 meses de edad el grupo LM no difería del grupo LP en ninguno de los parámetros medidos, mostrando ambos valores que indican deterioro del estado nutricional de hierro, al ser comparado con el grupo LF. A la edad de 9 meses, 30 y 29% de los lactantes de los grupos LM y LP, respectivamente, tenían anemia (hemoglobina 11 g/dl) vs 7% en el grupo LF. Los resultados sugieren que los lactantes chilenos alimentados con pecho pueden presentar signos de deficiencia de hierro a los 6 meses de vida. La suplementación con hierro debe ser considerada, por ende, en los lactantes alimentados en forma natural después de los 4 o 6 meses de edad