value of flexible cystoscopy in combination with urine cytology in the diagnosis of recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Specimens of early morning and freshly voided urine of 58 consecutive patients with known Transitional Cell Carcinoma [T.C.C.] were submitted 10 days before check cystoscopy. The urine spectimens were analysed by two pathologists, with no knowledge of the patients history. All patients then underwent cystoscopy under general anaesthesia. Findings of cystology were correlated with cystoscopy findings. Urine Cytology predicted 85% of all recurrent tumours found subsequently at cystoscopy. 88.5% with negative urine cytology had no recurrent tumours. Only 53% of patients with positive cytology were shown to have recurrent T.C.C. Urine cytology is a good adjunct to assessing the suitability of flexible cystoscopy in the followup of patients with transitional cell carcinoma [T.C.C.] of urinary bladder. Thus we concluded that achieving bony stability in intertrochanteric fractures is of prime importance in prevention of complication of fixation

Characterization of reed-sternberg cells with granulocyte specific monoclonal antibody

Monoclonal antibody Leu M[1] represents a highly specific marker to locate granulocyte antigen in Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. Except the L and H variants of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphocyte predominance variety in which antigens are probably sialylated. All the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were negative with this marker, because of absence of antigen. Therefore this specific marker characterizes granulocyte origin of Reed- Sternberg cells